FIGURE 17.8 Polson Oak Dermatitis This skin reaction results from delayed-type hypersensitivity. A hapten from poison oak combines with skin proteins. First exposure Subsequent exposures activate memory cells 1 Dendritic cells present the hapten:peptide complex to T cells. 3a Helper T cells activate macrophages presenting hapten:peptide complex. 3b Cytotoxic T cells destroy skin cells presenting hapten:peptide complex. Hapten:peptide Dendritic cell Naive helper T cell Naive cytotoxic T cell Macrophage Skin cell 2 T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation increases the population of T cells that recognize the hapten:peptide complex. Cytotoxic T cell Cytokines Helper T cell Naive helper T cell Naive cytotoxic T cell Activated macrophages release inflammatory mediators. 5 A rash appears after 24 hours, reaching a peak at 48–72 hours after exposure. Effector T cells Macrophage Memory cells Inflammatory mediators

Q: What is the role of dendritic cells in the innate immune system?

A:

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Environmental health and hazards

An organism's environment is the environment in which it lives and has an impact on its well-being. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines environmental health as "those aspects of public health, such as quality of life, that are influenced by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial components in the environment." Environmental health is concerned with both natural and man-made settings in order to enhance public health. Environmental science, occupational medicine, toxicology, and epidemiology are the key subdisciplines of environmental health.