Fever - To control the spread of COVID-19 it is critical to quickly identify and quarantine individuals who may have the illness. Since it is difficult to medically test everyone in a population, researchers have identified a list of self-reported symptoms that could be used to identify patients who need to receive a medical test for COVID-19. From a study conducted during the epidemic peak of COVID-19, researchers found that among the people who got positive results from a nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) COVID test, 60.7% of them experienced fever. On the other hand, the symptom was experienced by 19.5% of people who got negative results from a NPS test. Suppose that the percentage of people testing positive in Italy is 16%. Use this value as a base rate and theoretical population of 10,000 people living in Italy to complete the contingency table. Use the table to answer the following questions. Give all answers to 4 decimal places. Test result Person reports fever Person does not report fever Total NPS test is positive NPS test is negative Total 10,000 1. What proportion of people living in Italy would we expect to report fever? 2. What proportion of people living in Italy who report fever would we expect to have a negative result from an NPS test? 3. What proportion of people living in Italy who do not report fever would we expect to have a negative result from an NPS test? 4. In Japan, suppose about 3.53% of the population is testing positive for COVID-19. Would you expect the rate of negative test results from people who report fever to be higher, lower, or the same as the rate in Italy? O A. Higher O B. Lower O C. The same as

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### Fever: Analyzing COVID-19 Symptom Reporting and Testing

To control the spread of COVID-19, it is crucial to quickly identify and quarantine individuals who may have the illness. Since it is challenging to medically test everyone in a population, researchers have identified a list of self-reported symptoms that could be used to identify patients who need to receive a medical test for COVID-19.

From a study conducted during the epidemic peak of COVID-19, researchers found that among the people who got positive results from a nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) COVID test, 60.7% of them experienced fever. On the other hand, the symptom was experienced by 19.5% of people who got negative results from an NPS test.

Suppose that the percentage of people testing positive in Italy is 16%. Use this value as a base rate and a theoretical population of 10,000 people living in Italy to complete the contingency table below. Use the table to answer the following questions. Give all answers to four decimal places.

| Test result        | Person reports fever | Person does not report fever | Total  |
|--------------------|----------------------|-----------------------------|--------|
| NPS test is positive |                      |                             |        |
| NPS test is negative |                      |                             |        |
| Total              |                      |                             | 10,000 |

#### Questions:

1. **What proportion of people living in Italy would we expect to report fever?**  
   You need to calculate the proportion of people who would report fever, considering both positive and negative test results.

2. **What proportion of people living in Italy who report fever would we expect to have a negative result from an NPS test?**  
   Calculating the proportion of people who report fever but have a negative NPS test result.

3. **What proportion of people living in Italy who do not report fever would we expect to have a negative result from an NPS test?**  
   Calculating the proportion of people who do not report fever but have a negative NPS test result.

4. **In Japan, suppose about 3.53% of the population is testing positive for COVID-19. Would you expect the rate of negative test results from people who report fever to be higher, lower, or the same as the rate in Italy?**  
   - A. Higher
   - B. Lower
   - C. The
Transcribed Image Text:### Fever: Analyzing COVID-19 Symptom Reporting and Testing To control the spread of COVID-19, it is crucial to quickly identify and quarantine individuals who may have the illness. Since it is challenging to medically test everyone in a population, researchers have identified a list of self-reported symptoms that could be used to identify patients who need to receive a medical test for COVID-19. From a study conducted during the epidemic peak of COVID-19, researchers found that among the people who got positive results from a nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) COVID test, 60.7% of them experienced fever. On the other hand, the symptom was experienced by 19.5% of people who got negative results from an NPS test. Suppose that the percentage of people testing positive in Italy is 16%. Use this value as a base rate and a theoretical population of 10,000 people living in Italy to complete the contingency table below. Use the table to answer the following questions. Give all answers to four decimal places. | Test result | Person reports fever | Person does not report fever | Total | |--------------------|----------------------|-----------------------------|--------| | NPS test is positive | | | | | NPS test is negative | | | | | Total | | | 10,000 | #### Questions: 1. **What proportion of people living in Italy would we expect to report fever?** You need to calculate the proportion of people who would report fever, considering both positive and negative test results. 2. **What proportion of people living in Italy who report fever would we expect to have a negative result from an NPS test?** Calculating the proportion of people who report fever but have a negative NPS test result. 3. **What proportion of people living in Italy who do not report fever would we expect to have a negative result from an NPS test?** Calculating the proportion of people who do not report fever but have a negative NPS test result. 4. **In Japan, suppose about 3.53% of the population is testing positive for COVID-19. Would you expect the rate of negative test results from people who report fever to be higher, lower, or the same as the rate in Italy?** - A. Higher - B. Lower - C. The
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