Failing to meet one or more of the 9 Brandford-Hill criteria means that the studied relationship should not be considered causal. A. True B. False
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- Failing to meet one or more of the 9 Brandford-Hill criteria means that the studied relationship should not be considered causal.
A. True
B. False
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- In a study of the effects of the drug THC on driving performance, driving performance would be the Independent variable. a. true b. falseWhich one of the following conclusions could be drawn from a descriptive study? Question options: a. Concrete experiences help students understand abstract ideas better. b.Students are more likely to appreciate classical music if they are exposed to it on a regular basis. c. Students do better in school when they have warm, supportive relationships with their teachers. d. Approximately 80% of the students at Southside High School are planning to go to college.For each of the following epidemiological scenarios, draw a DAG that represents the relationships between the variables: A researcher is studying the association between experiencing childhood abuse (A) and the occurrence of depression (D) as an adult. She has reason to believe that alcohol consumption (C) may mediate the relationship between (A) and (D).
- even though we may observe a strong relationship between the explanatory and response variables, a lurking variable may also influence the response vatiabke. This is reffered to as A. correlation B. confounding C.association D. causation8. Determine if the correlation between the two given variables is likely to be positive or negative, or if they are not likely to display a linear relationship. a) The average selling price of a model of car and the cost of a loaf of bread on a given day b) The number of crimes committed in an area and the selling price of homes in that area c) The number of pets owned by a family and the cost of their vet billsA) With Monthly Construction Permits as the independent variable, the carpet sales forecast if 20 construction permits for new homes are filed is: a. 7,400 yards b. 12,160 yards c. 24,310 yards d. 38,960 yards B) Using correlation coefficient as the criterion, the better forecasting model is: a. The one with Time Period as the independent variable b. The one with Monthly Construction Permits as the independent variable
- Select the most appropriate response. A university statistician found that the correlation between college GPA and starting salary was 0.12. Based on this you would tell the university that: a) GPA is a good predictor of starting salary. b) students with low GPA’s will have the lowest starting salaries. c) GPA is a poor predictor of starting salary. d) students with high GPA’s will have the highest starting salaries11. Decide whether the following variables are positively correlated, negatively correlated, or uncorrelated. a. Your grades and the number of hours per week you study b. Your grades and the number of hours per week you party c. Your grades and the number of cookies per week you eat d. The daily average temperature and sales of cell phones e. The daily average temperature and sales of overcoats f. The daily average temperature and sales of shortsA. For which data set is the sample correlation coefficient r closest to −1? B. For which data set is the sample correlation coefficient r closest to 0? C. For which data set is the sample correlation coefficient r equal to 1?
- a. Make the case with graphs and numbers that women are a growing presence in the U.S. military. b. Make the case with graphs and numbers that women are a declining presence in the U.S. military. c. Write a paragraph that gives a balanced picture of the changing presence of women in the military using appropriate statistics to make your points. What additional data would be helpful?Determine the causal relationship which best describes each situation. Assume a strong positive linear correlation has been observed between the variables and that the first variable is the independent one. b) non-commercial space launches, Sociology doctorates awarded i) Cause and Effect ii) Common Cause iii) Reverse Cause and Effect iv) Accidental v) Presumed5 8 Mulitple Choice Identify the type of causal relationship for the example below: "Leadership ability is strongly correlated with academic achievement in high school" A) accidental B) presumed relationship C) cause-and-effect D) reverse cause-and-effect