Exton and Shill are 2 firms that can control emissions at the following marginal costs: MC1 = 400q1, MC2 = 200q2, where q1 and q2 are the amount of emissions reduced by Exton and Shill, respectively. Assume that with no control at all, each firm would be emitting 25 units of emissions. Estimate the cost-effective allocation of emissions control needed if a total reduction of 30 units of emissions is necessary.
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Exton and Shill are 2 firms that can control emissions at the following marginal costs: MC1 = 400q1, MC2 = 200q2, where q1 and q2 are the amount of emissions reduced by Exton and Shill, respectively. Assume that with no control at all, each firm would be emitting 25 units of emissions.
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Estimate the cost-effective allocation of emissions control needed if a total reduction of 30 units of emissions is necessary.
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- Following are the marginal abatement costs of three firms . Suppose each firm is currently emitting 10 tons / week , so the total emissions are 30 tons / week . Suppose we wish to reduce total emissions by 50 % , to 15 tons per week . The following table provides marginal abatement costs for each firm . a ) What is the total cost if each firm cuts total emission by 50 % from their current levels . b ) What is the total cost if the total emissions decrease by 50 % ( to 15 tons per week ) that meets the equi - marginal principle . c ) From the society's point , which method of reducing ( a or b above ) emissions is better ? Provide a reason .Two coal-burning electric power plants are emitting mercury which impairs cognitive development in children. Plant A's marginal abatement cost is MCA= 1.2q and plant B's marginal abatement cost is MCB = 0.3q. Each firm initially emits 50 units and the EPA would like to reduce total emissions to 40. If the EPA follows a command-and-control policy and tells each firm to abate by the same amount, what will be the total costs? If firms could trade permits, what would happen to total costs? Why?Attached is the marginal abatement costs of three firms, related to the quantity of emissions. Each firm is now emitting 10 tons per week, so total emissions are 30 tons per week. Suppose we wish to reduce emissions by 50 percent, to 15 tons per week. Compare the total cost of doing this: (a) with an equi-proportionate decrease in emissions (b) with a decrease that meets the equi-marginal principle.
- Two firms, Sludge Oil and Northwest Lumber, have access to five production processes, each one of which has a different cost and gives off a different amount of pollution. The daily costs of the processes and the corresponding number of tons of smoke emitted are as shown in the following table: Process (smoke) Cost to Sludge Oil ($/day) Cost to Northwest Lumber ($/day) The City Council wants to curb emissions by half and decides to auction off four permits, each of which entitles the bearer to emit 1 ton of smoke per day. No smoke may be emitted without a permit. Suppose the government conducts the auction by starting at $1 and asking how many permits each firm wants to buy at that price. If the total is more than four, it then raises the price by $1 and asks again, and so on, until the total quantity of demanded permits falls to four. How much will each permit sell for in this auction? Each permit will sell for $ 3 500 A (4 tons/day) B (3 tons/day) C (2 tons/day) D (1 ton/day) E (8…(1) Two firms (A and B) that produce timber products pollute a local forest with pesticides used to grow trees. Currently, firm A releases 100 pounds of pesticide waste into the forest per month, while firm B releases 140 pounds of pesticide waste into forest per month. The table below shows the cost of reducing pesticide waste by increments of 10 pounds for each firm. For each firm, reductions beyond 50 pounds would be virtually impossible to accomplish and expensive if it is to stay in business, because some pesticide must be used. Total cost of reducing Firm A pesticide waste by 10 pounds 20 pounds 30 pounds 40 pounds 50 pounds Firm B $6 $4 $18 $12 $36 $24 $60 $40 $90 $64 Suppose the government wants to reduce pesticide waste level to 180 pounds. That is, the government wants to reduce pesticide waste from its current monthly level to 180 pounds per month. To achieve this goal, the government decides to issue permits to pollute. A total of 18 permits are issued, where each permit…Appalachian Coal Mining believes that it can increase labor productivity and, therefore, net revenue by reducing air pollution in its mines. It estimates that the marginal cost function for reducing pollution by installing additional capital equipment is MC = 40P where P represents a reduction of one unit of pollution in the mines. It also feels that for every unit of pollution reduction, the marginal increase in revenue (MR) is MR = 1,000 - 10P How much pollution reduction should Appalachian Coal Mining undertake? Please provide the correct answer. Thank you!
- There are two firms who are identical except in their location. For both firms, decreasing their emissions will increase their costs. Therefore, they have negative marginal costs and positive marginal savings of polluting. A firm's marginal cost of emitting an amount e is given by MC₁(e) = −6+ e₁. Because of their locations, the two firms differ in their impact on ambient pollution concentrations. One unit of emissions from firm 1 result in one unit of ambient pollution. Firm 2 has twice the impact on ambient environment - one unit of emissions results in two unit of ambient pollution. a) What are the transfer coefficients for each of the two firms? b) If there were no regulations in place, how much would each firm emit, and what would be the total pollution?Consider two firms with the following marginal abatement costs (MAC) as a function of emissions (E): MAC 110-2E_1 MAC 2 = 16-4E_2. If both firms were forced to eliminate all of their emissions, their combined total abatement costs (TAC) would be Answer:Consider an industry with two firms that emit a uniformly mixed air pollutant (e.g., carbon dioxide). The marginal abatement cost functions for Firm 1 and Firm 2 are: MAC1 = 100-e1 MAC2 = 100-4e2 Aggregate emissions for the industry are denoted as E = e1 + e2. [1] In an unregulated environment how many units of emissions does each firm emit? Firm 1’s unregulated level of emissions: Firm 2’s unregulated level of emissions: Total unregulated level of emissions: Suppose a regulator has a goal of reducing the total level of emissions from the amount from the amount you answered in [1] to 25 units. The regulator would like to achieve the goal of 25 units of total emissions in a cost-effective way. To do so it issues 25 permits, 10 are given to Firm 1 and 15 are given to Firm 2. A firm can only emit a unit of pollution if they have a permit for that unit, otherwise they must abate. After the permits are allocated, firms are allowed to buy or sell…
- Consider an industry with two firms that emit a uniformly mixed air pollutant (e.g., carbon dioxide). The marginal abatement cost functions for Firm 1 and Firm 2 are: MAC1 = 100 - e1 MAC2 = 100 - 4e2 Aggregate emissions for the industry are denoted as E = e1 + e2. [1] In an unregulated environment how many units of emissions does each firm emit? Firm 1’s unregulated level of emissions ____________ Firm 2’s unregulated level of emissions ____________ Total unregulated level of emissions ______________The following table shows how the marginal benefit enjoyed by John, Mary, Loren, and all other consumers of outdoor rock concerts varies with the number made available by a city government per summer. a) What would be the efficient number of concerts to produce if the marginal cost of production were $425 instead of $1,000? b) Suppose the marginal cost of producing rock concerts is only $250 per concert no matter how many are produced. Use the data to calculate the efficient number of concerts. c) If a Lindahl scheme is used to finance the concerts, what prices of admission should be charged to John, Loren, and Mary?Suppose MAC functions for two firms, Firm 1 and Firm 2, are MAC₁= 60-2E₁and MAC₂-48-3E2 respectively. (i) Suggest the (socially) cost-effective way to set emission standards for the two firms to reduce their combined level of emissions to 20 units. [Note that we want only 20 units of emissions from the two firms at the end.] (ii) What is the sum of the abatement costs (or total social compliance costs) when emissions are reduced from the two firms to 20 units in the socially cost-effective manner by using emission standards. [This is related to part (i).] (iii) What emission tax rate applied simulataneously to the two firms reduces the combined level of emissions to 20 units from the two firms just as the cost-effective way to set standards? [This question needs to answered based on your answer(s) to part (ii).]
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