Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
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![Rosalind carried out the reaction below in the lab, with a slight excess of methyl iodide.
She expected to obtain a pristine ¹H NMR spectrum given her usual success in the lab!
She noticed however that in addition to the expected peaks, there were unexpected
peaks in the alkyl and aromatic regions. In the aromatic region, one additional signal
with no splitting was observed and in the alkyl region, one additional signal with no
splitting was also observed.
CH3CI
AICI 3
CH3
a. How many unique signals were expected in the ¹H NMR of Cameron's expected
product?
b. Draw a side product that is consistent with the additional signals observed by
Rosalind.
c. Using your knowledge of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, explain why a
noticeable amount of this side product formed, and why it can be difficult to avoid!](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F4143f45a-5c96-4449-af2f-abda697f3e91%2F1cd6d392-b80c-4032-b184-49069c479a76%2Fbw4hqbb_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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