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For each of the two horizontal series below, rank each molecule from highest (1) to lowest solubility in water.

For each of the two horizontal series below, rank each molecule from highest (1) to lowest solubility in water.

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Solubility Ranking of Organic Molecules #### Task: For each of the two horizontal series below, rank each molecule from highest (1) to lowest solubility in water. ### First Series: #### Molecules and Molecular Weights: 1. **Molecule 1:** - Structure: - Ethanol with one additional carbon (Butanol). - Molecular Formula: C3H7OH - Molecular Weight: 74.12 g/mol 2. **Molecule 2:** - Structure: - Ethanol with two additional carbons (Pentanol). - Molecular Formula: C4H9OH - Molecular Weight: 88.15 g/mol 3. **Molecule 3:** - Structure: - Ethanol with three additional carbons (Hexanol). - Molecular Formula: C5H11OH - Molecular Weight: 102.18 g/mol ### Second Series: #### Molecules and Molecular Weights: 1. **Molecule 1:** - Structure: - Propanone (Acetone). - Molecular Formula: C3H6O - Molecular Weight: 58.08 g/mol 2. **Molecule 2:** - Structure: - Propanol. - Molecular Formula: C3H8O - Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol 3. **Molecule 3:** - Structure: - Ethanoic Acid (Acetic Acid). - Molecular Formula: C2H4O2 - Molecular Weight: 59.04 g/mol 4. **Molecule 4:** - Structure: - Ethyl Methyl Ether. - Molecular Formula: C3H8O - Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol --- ### Explanation of Solubility: #### General Principles: - **Solubility in Water:** In general, solubility of organic molecules in water decreases as the length of the carbon chain increases. This is due to the increased hydrophobic (water-repelling) nature of larger alkyl groups. - **Functional Groups:** Molecules with polar functional groups (e.g., -OH, =O) are generally more soluble in water compared to nonpolar molecules of similar size. #### Analysis of the First Series: -
Transcribed Image Text:### Solubility Ranking of Organic Molecules #### Task: For each of the two horizontal series below, rank each molecule from highest (1) to lowest solubility in water. ### First Series: #### Molecules and Molecular Weights: 1. **Molecule 1:** - Structure: - Ethanol with one additional carbon (Butanol). - Molecular Formula: C3H7OH - Molecular Weight: 74.12 g/mol 2. **Molecule 2:** - Structure: - Ethanol with two additional carbons (Pentanol). - Molecular Formula: C4H9OH - Molecular Weight: 88.15 g/mol 3. **Molecule 3:** - Structure: - Ethanol with three additional carbons (Hexanol). - Molecular Formula: C5H11OH - Molecular Weight: 102.18 g/mol ### Second Series: #### Molecules and Molecular Weights: 1. **Molecule 1:** - Structure: - Propanone (Acetone). - Molecular Formula: C3H6O - Molecular Weight: 58.08 g/mol 2. **Molecule 2:** - Structure: - Propanol. - Molecular Formula: C3H8O - Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol 3. **Molecule 3:** - Structure: - Ethanoic Acid (Acetic Acid). - Molecular Formula: C2H4O2 - Molecular Weight: 59.04 g/mol 4. **Molecule 4:** - Structure: - Ethyl Methyl Ether. - Molecular Formula: C3H8O - Molecular Weight: 60.10 g/mol --- ### Explanation of Solubility: #### General Principles: - **Solubility in Water:** In general, solubility of organic molecules in water decreases as the length of the carbon chain increases. This is due to the increased hydrophobic (water-repelling) nature of larger alkyl groups. - **Functional Groups:** Molecules with polar functional groups (e.g., -OH, =O) are generally more soluble in water compared to nonpolar molecules of similar size. #### Analysis of the First Series: -
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