Problem Set #5 III) Acid/Base Reaction - Answer the next few questions about Molecule B, shown below. a) Circle the terms that correctly describe the molecule. H-bond acceptor dextrorotatory contains ketone racemic has enantiomer H-bond donor Molecule B optically active contains aldehyde levorotatory [a] = -27.8° b) Molecule B can react with another molecule in an acid/base reaction (shown below). In the spaces provided, please do the following: i) Draw the structure of the missing molecule in the space provided. ii) Circle ONE: The missing molecule is a: conjugate acid conjugate base iii) Clearly draw curved arrows to show the forward mechanism. iv) Without referring to pKa values, predict whether the equilibrium will favor reactants or products, and give an explanation why. Circle ONE: reactants products Explanation:
Basics in Organic Reactions Mechanisms
In organic chemistry, the mechanism of an organic reaction is defined as a complete step-by-step explanation of how a reaction of organic compounds happens. A completely detailed mechanism would relate the first structure of the reactants with the last structure of the products and would represent changes in structure and energy all through the reaction step.
Heterolytic Bond Breaking
Heterolytic bond breaking is also known as heterolysis or heterolytic fission or ionic fission. It is defined as breaking of a covalent bond between two different atoms in which one atom gains both of the shared pair of electrons. The atom that gains both electrons is more electronegative than the other atom in covalent bond. The energy needed for heterolytic fission is called as heterolytic bond dissociation energy.
Polar Aprotic Solvent
Solvents that are chemically polar in nature and are not capable of hydrogen bonding (implying that a hydrogen atom directly linked with an electronegative atom is not found) are referred to as polar aprotic solvents. Some commonly used polar aprotic solvents are acetone, DMF, acetonitrile, DMSO, etc.
Oxygen Nucleophiles
Oxygen being an electron rich species with a lone pair electron, can act as a good nucleophile. Typically, oxygen nucleophiles can be found in these compounds- water, hydroxides and alcohols.
Carbon Nucleophiles
We are aware that carbon belongs to group IV and hence does not possess any lone pair of electrons. Implying that neutral carbon is not a nucleophile then how is carbon going to be nucleophilic? The answer to this is that when a carbon atom is attached to a metal (can be seen in the case of organometallic compounds), the metal atom develops a partial positive charge and carbon develops a partial negative charge, hence making carbon nucleophilic.
![Problem Set #5
III) Acid/Base Reaction - Answer the next few questions about Molecule B, shown below.
a) Circle the terms that correctly describe the molecule.
H-bond acceptor
dextrorotatory
contains ketone
racemic
has enantiomer
H-bond donor
Molecule B
optically active
contains aldehyde
levorotatory
[a] = -27.8°
b) Molecule B can react with another molecule in an acid/base reaction (shown below).
+
H
In the spaces provided, please do the following:
i) Draw the structure of the missing molecule in the space provided.
ii) Circle ONE: The missing molecule is a:
conjugate acid
conjugate base
iii) Clearly draw curved arrows to show the forward mechanism.
iv) Without referring to pKa values, predict whether the equilibrium will favor
reactants or products, and give an explanation why.
Circle ONE:
reactants
products
Explanation:](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F81a3cd45-d601-42ca-9c9a-5a10cb20e3e5%2F77502f7e-9d9d-4e55-bf7b-2a729ae6f9ca%2F5n0bt1j_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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