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Explain what was shared between nations due to the Silk Road. Use at least ONE detail from EACH text to support your answer.

Explain what was shared between nations due to the Silk Road. Use at least ONE detail from EACH text to support your answer.

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Explain what was shared between nations due to the Silk Road. Use at least ONE detail from EACH text to support your answer. Write your answer in the space provided.

Passage 2: Technology and Inventions By James Bmith During the Han Dynasty of China (208 BC to AD 220), nomadic tribes harassed inhabitants who lived on China's northern and western borders. To seek help, Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian on a westward expedition in 138 BC. While traveling in Central Asia, Zhang Qian met a group of people who were descended from Alexander the Great's army; they had horses larger and faster than the horses bred throughout China. A breeding program was established to equip the Chinese cavalry with the western horses. After the new cavalry defeated the nomads, Emperor Wu opened the Silk Road to see what other technologies the West could offer. During the time it was open, travelers on the Silk Road transferred many types of technology from East to West. The Chinese inventions of paper manufacturing and printing techniques traveled to Europe-printing technology disseminated knowledge and influenced the development of literature. The Chinese invention of gunpowder powered fireworks. Gunpowder also was used in cannons, flamethrowers, and other weapons. The introduction of gunpowder to Europe changed social structure-as kings used cannons to destroy castles of feudal lords, a centralized nation-state began to develop. In time, Europeans produced bronze cannons that were more effective than the cannons manufactured in China. During the 18th and 17th centuries, Jesuits brought bronze cannon technology to China. Practitioners of the Chinese Taoist religion are credited with developing alchemy-the pursuit of a method to transform base metals into gold and the discovery of a universal cure for diseases. Knowledge about alchemy spread to the Arabic world and then to Europe, where it formed the basis for the modern science of chemistry Scholars debate over the path that the Chinese invention of the compass traveled to Europe; one theory is that the technology moved via the Silk Road from China to the Middle East and then on to Europe. Use of the compass eventually replaced traditional methods for determining direction at sea by using the locations of celestial bodies of stars. Dutch Jesuit missionary Ferdinand Verbiest traveled to China via the Silk Road and brought along his knowledge of astronomy. He designed new astronomical instruments for the Beijing Ancient Observatory. One particularly influential technology was smuggled out of China: the creation of silk. China so highly guarded its worldwide monopoly on silk production that a person would be condemned to death if he or she tried to smuggle silkworms or silkworm eggs to another country. However, silk production was too valuable to remain a secret for long. By AD 300, Japan produced silk thanks to a Japanese expedition that smuggled silkworm eggs along with some young girls trained in silk making. In 552 CE, Justinian I was the emperor of the Byzantine Empire, which was the surviving eastern half of the Roman Empire. Following Justinian's orders, two monks traveled to central Asia, which had obtained silk technology from China. The monks hid silkworm eggs in their hollow bamboo canes and brought their contraband to Justinian. About 700 years later, 2,000 silk weavers from Byzantine Constantinople started silk production in Italy. Court Ladles Preparing Newly Woven Bk Palnting by Emperor Hulzong, 1032-1135 Currently die played at the Muceum of Fine Arts lIn Bocton
Transcribed Image Text:Passage 2: Technology and Inventions By James Bmith During the Han Dynasty of China (208 BC to AD 220), nomadic tribes harassed inhabitants who lived on China's northern and western borders. To seek help, Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian on a westward expedition in 138 BC. While traveling in Central Asia, Zhang Qian met a group of people who were descended from Alexander the Great's army; they had horses larger and faster than the horses bred throughout China. A breeding program was established to equip the Chinese cavalry with the western horses. After the new cavalry defeated the nomads, Emperor Wu opened the Silk Road to see what other technologies the West could offer. During the time it was open, travelers on the Silk Road transferred many types of technology from East to West. The Chinese inventions of paper manufacturing and printing techniques traveled to Europe-printing technology disseminated knowledge and influenced the development of literature. The Chinese invention of gunpowder powered fireworks. Gunpowder also was used in cannons, flamethrowers, and other weapons. The introduction of gunpowder to Europe changed social structure-as kings used cannons to destroy castles of feudal lords, a centralized nation-state began to develop. In time, Europeans produced bronze cannons that were more effective than the cannons manufactured in China. During the 18th and 17th centuries, Jesuits brought bronze cannon technology to China. Practitioners of the Chinese Taoist religion are credited with developing alchemy-the pursuit of a method to transform base metals into gold and the discovery of a universal cure for diseases. Knowledge about alchemy spread to the Arabic world and then to Europe, where it formed the basis for the modern science of chemistry Scholars debate over the path that the Chinese invention of the compass traveled to Europe; one theory is that the technology moved via the Silk Road from China to the Middle East and then on to Europe. Use of the compass eventually replaced traditional methods for determining direction at sea by using the locations of celestial bodies of stars. Dutch Jesuit missionary Ferdinand Verbiest traveled to China via the Silk Road and brought along his knowledge of astronomy. He designed new astronomical instruments for the Beijing Ancient Observatory. One particularly influential technology was smuggled out of China: the creation of silk. China so highly guarded its worldwide monopoly on silk production that a person would be condemned to death if he or she tried to smuggle silkworms or silkworm eggs to another country. However, silk production was too valuable to remain a secret for long. By AD 300, Japan produced silk thanks to a Japanese expedition that smuggled silkworm eggs along with some young girls trained in silk making. In 552 CE, Justinian I was the emperor of the Byzantine Empire, which was the surviving eastern half of the Roman Empire. Following Justinian's orders, two monks traveled to central Asia, which had obtained silk technology from China. The monks hid silkworm eggs in their hollow bamboo canes and brought their contraband to Justinian. About 700 years later, 2,000 silk weavers from Byzantine Constantinople started silk production in Italy. Court Ladles Preparing Newly Woven Bk Palnting by Emperor Hulzong, 1032-1135 Currently die played at the Muceum of Fine Arts lIn Bocton
PASSAGE 1: More Than Just Silk By Philp Jones During 130 BC, Emperor Wu (the seventh emperor of China's Han Dynasty) opened routes to encourage traders from the West to bring commodities to China. Traders left China with silk and other products. In 1877, German historian Ferdinand von Richthofen coined the term "Silk Road" to describe these trade routes. Referring to the modern names of countries, Richard Kurin provided an overview of the routes in the 2002 Smithsonian Folklife Festival program guide, The Silk Road: Connecting People and Cultures. "A network of mostly land but also sea trading routes," Kurin said, "the Silk Road stretched from China to Korea and Japan in the East, and connected China through Central Asia to India in the south and to Turkey and Italy in the West." Kurin noted that Silk Road travelers faced many challenges. "They had to face bandits and raiders, imprisonment, starvation, and other forms of deprivation," he said. "Those going by sea braved the uncertainties of weather, poorly constructed ships, and pirates." Persie China India The name "Silk Road" emphasized the demand for Chinese silk among European consumers. The Silk Road also was used to trade tools, timber, animal hides, woodwork, art, livestock, produce, metalwork, and many other items. Spices and other goods were transported via maritime trade routes. The introduction of pepper, cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, and ginger altered cuisine in Europe. Somie On its website, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), stresses that the Silk Road carried more than merchandise. "T]he constant movement and mixing of populations also brought about the transmission of knowledge, ideas, cultures and beliefs, which had a profound impact on the history and civilizations of the Eurasian peoples," the group states. societies along the lengths of these routes, and in this way. languages, religions and cultures developed and influenced each other." bistory ,arts and literature, as well as crafts and technologies were thus shared a and disseminated in Java For example, knowledge about architectural styles and building techniques traveled from one country to another. Central Asian music traditions became popular in China. Actors from western and central Asia inspired Chinese stage performances. Foreign techniques for weaving and embroidering silk, as well as motifs and designs, influenced silk production in China. For instance, patterns from Persia and India affected Chinese silk weaving, and a loom developed in Egypt was adapted for silk weaving in Thic map chows the alk Road trade routes by land and GBa. China. The Silk Road also introduced various religions to China. Traveling with merchants, Buddhist monks journeyed from India to China and preached their religion. Zoroastrianism, which was the state religion of Persia at one time, spread into China. A type of Syrian Christianity called Nestorianism was introduced to China via travelers on the Silk Road, and Arab Muslims brought Islam to China by land and sea routes. In 1453, the Ottoman Empire closed the Silk Road routes. In view of an enduring demand for commodities from the East, European explorers sought new water routes to replace the network of land paths. These efforts marked the beginning of the Age of Discovery, which continued the exchanges of culture and religion between the West and the East.
Transcribed Image Text:PASSAGE 1: More Than Just Silk By Philp Jones During 130 BC, Emperor Wu (the seventh emperor of China's Han Dynasty) opened routes to encourage traders from the West to bring commodities to China. Traders left China with silk and other products. In 1877, German historian Ferdinand von Richthofen coined the term "Silk Road" to describe these trade routes. Referring to the modern names of countries, Richard Kurin provided an overview of the routes in the 2002 Smithsonian Folklife Festival program guide, The Silk Road: Connecting People and Cultures. "A network of mostly land but also sea trading routes," Kurin said, "the Silk Road stretched from China to Korea and Japan in the East, and connected China through Central Asia to India in the south and to Turkey and Italy in the West." Kurin noted that Silk Road travelers faced many challenges. "They had to face bandits and raiders, imprisonment, starvation, and other forms of deprivation," he said. "Those going by sea braved the uncertainties of weather, poorly constructed ships, and pirates." Persie China India The name "Silk Road" emphasized the demand for Chinese silk among European consumers. The Silk Road also was used to trade tools, timber, animal hides, woodwork, art, livestock, produce, metalwork, and many other items. Spices and other goods were transported via maritime trade routes. The introduction of pepper, cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, and ginger altered cuisine in Europe. Somie On its website, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), stresses that the Silk Road carried more than merchandise. "T]he constant movement and mixing of populations also brought about the transmission of knowledge, ideas, cultures and beliefs, which had a profound impact on the history and civilizations of the Eurasian peoples," the group states. societies along the lengths of these routes, and in this way. languages, religions and cultures developed and influenced each other." bistory ,arts and literature, as well as crafts and technologies were thus shared a and disseminated in Java For example, knowledge about architectural styles and building techniques traveled from one country to another. Central Asian music traditions became popular in China. Actors from western and central Asia inspired Chinese stage performances. Foreign techniques for weaving and embroidering silk, as well as motifs and designs, influenced silk production in China. For instance, patterns from Persia and India affected Chinese silk weaving, and a loom developed in Egypt was adapted for silk weaving in Thic map chows the alk Road trade routes by land and GBa. China. The Silk Road also introduced various religions to China. Traveling with merchants, Buddhist monks journeyed from India to China and preached their religion. Zoroastrianism, which was the state religion of Persia at one time, spread into China. A type of Syrian Christianity called Nestorianism was introduced to China via travelers on the Silk Road, and Arab Muslims brought Islam to China by land and sea routes. In 1453, the Ottoman Empire closed the Silk Road routes. In view of an enduring demand for commodities from the East, European explorers sought new water routes to replace the network of land paths. These efforts marked the beginning of the Age of Discovery, which continued the exchanges of culture and religion between the West and the East.
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