Explain the significance of opsonization.

Q: Explain the functions  of Immunoglobulins ?

A: Immunoglobulin’s are group of proteins that transmits signal for immune response. These proteins…

Q: Define Inflammatory Response, Stress, Malignant, and Immunocompromised. Give each example.

A: An organism's immune system is a web of biological processes that defends it against illness. It can…

Q: Briefly present main classes of immunoglobulins and their functions.

A: Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are glycoprotein molecules generated by plasma cells. They are an…

Q: Identify the different types of interferons and describe their origin and actions.

A: Interferons are the naturally occurring glycoproteins and a part of the cytokine family synthesized…

Q: Which complement proteins are responsible for Opsonization and chemotaxis?

A: The complement system includes about twenty types of proteins that are produced continuously by the…

Q: Discuss the events in the inflammatory response ?

A: When tissues are damaged by bacteria, trauma, toxins, fire, or some other source, the immune system…

Q: For the PDHC, generally what goes on in each active site, what is the role of lipoamide, and what…

A: The PDHC is an enzyme complex that undertakes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate (i.e. both…

Q: Identify and describe important targeted ISGs (interferon-stimulated genes)

A: Interferons stimulated genes are the genes which are stimulated when a particular pathogen specially…

Q: Define suppressor T cell

A: Suppressor T cells are the type of immune cells that blocks the action of other lymphocytes. They…

Q: Explain MHC Restriction of the Lymphocyte Receptors?

A: MHC is the Major histocompatibility complex and is defined as the various genes present in a cluster…

Q: What is meant by 'B lymphocytes are sensitive to clonal deletion'?

A: Immunity

Q: Name three different APCS. Which is most important for T lymphocyte activation?

A: We know that Antigen Presenting Cells or APCs are the specialized group of cells that are…

Q: Neutrophils are best described as: (a) Phagocytic, have bilobed nucleus and are small (2-5 microns)…

A: Introduction: Phagocytes are white blood cells that assist begin an immune response and safeguard…

Q: describe the defensive functions of various types ofleukocytes and macrophages;

A: Leukocytes also known as white blood cells are the major cells involved the defense function of the…

Q: Explain the role of leukocidins in immune evasion, allowing microbes to become established.

A: Leucocidin is secreted by some Staphylococcus strains. It is a type of cytotoxin. It can form pores…

Q: What does MHC-restricted mean?

A: The antigen is known as any substance that is responsible for causing our immune system to produce…

Q: Describe the processing and presentation of an intracellular antigen.

A: Antigen processing and presentation is an immunological process through which the antigen-presenting…

Q: Explain the effector response of helper T-lymphocytes.

A: Lymphocytes are leukocytes (WBC) that arise from lymphoid progenitor cells of the bone marrow. They…

Q: Define cytokine.

A: In humans physiology, the cytokine is defined as the large heterogeneous chain of polypeptides,…

Q: Define effector T cell

A: In physiology, the term effector T cell which is also known as the effector T lymphocyte is used to…

Q: Describe positive and negative selection of lymphocytes.

A: The lymphocytes are the main components of the body's humoral immune response. There are two main…

Q: Describe clonal selection and expansion.

A: Immunity refers to every mechanism of the body that helps to protect the body from harmful foreign…

Q: Explain the sequence of stages involved in leukocyte recruitment into tissues during inflammation :…

A: Leukocyte recruitment can be described as the migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation.

Q: the process whereby circulating leukocytes are attracted to an inflammatory site in tissue is best…

A: Inflammation refers to the immune reaction that defends the body against the infectious pathogen.…

Q: Explain briefly about interferons

A: Introduction: There are various methods by which chemical mediators can start an immune response.…

Q: Define humoral immunity.

A: The immune system of the body is responsible for fighting the infections in the body and providing…

Q: Define T cell

A: The immune system is one of the most complex systems present in human beings. It is comparable to…

Q: Differentiate between the major types of immune complexdiseases, and discuss their physiological…

A: Introduction: Immune complex refers to the antigen-antibody complex. this complex is formed when…

Q: Define helper T cell

A: The immune system consists of tissues, cells, and chemicals that work together to combat infection…

Q: List and describe the three major phases of inflammation.

A: Inflammation is like a well-orchestrated battle within your body.  Imagine tiny soldiers (immune…

Q: Describe the process by which blood immunoglobulins help protect the body from invading bacteria and…

A: The immune system of the body functions to protect us from the invasion of microorganisms or any…

Q: Why is adaptation during chemotaxis important?

A: Chemotaxis refers to the migration of an organism in response to any chemical stimulus. Bacteria,…

Q: Describe the function of major histocompatibilitycomplex (MHC) molecules in immunity.

A: The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a large gene cluster on vertebrate DNA that codes for…

Q: List the types of exudate produced in inflammation.

A: Introduction :- Exudate is fluid that seeps into adjacent tissues from blood arteries. Cells,…

Q: The inflammation causes by the activation of A)activation of the macrophage B) increase vascular…

A: Inflammation is a defence process of the body that aids in the body's battle against substances that…