States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
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![The image contains a table titled "B. Reactions of Metals with Solutions of Metal Ions." The table displays various reactions observed between different metals and metal ion solutions. The columns represent metal ions—Zn²⁺, Sn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, and Cu²⁺—and the rows indicate the reactions with different metals: Al (aluminum), Zn (zinc), Sn (tin), Mg (magnesium), Fe (iron), and Cu (copper).
### Key Observations in the Table:
- **Aluminum (Al):**
- With Zn²⁺: No Reaction (N/R)
- With Sn²⁺: No Reaction (N/R)
- With Mg²⁺: No Reaction (N/R)
- With Fe²⁺: Yes, turns black
- With Cu²⁺: Yes, aluminum turns brown
- General Observation (Final Row):
- Yes, aluminum doses a dark color solution.
- **Zinc (Zn):**
- With Zn²⁺: N/A
- With Sn²⁺: Yes, Sn²⁺ turns black
- With Mg²⁺: Yes, Mg turns black
- With Fe²⁺: Yes, Fe turns yellow
- With Cu²⁺: Yes, Cu turns dark
- General Observation: Zinc solution is colorless.
- **Tin (Sn):**
- With Zn²⁺: No Reaction (N/R)
- With Sn²⁺: N/A
- With Mg²⁺: Yes, Mg turns black
- With Fe²⁺: No Reaction (N/R)
- With Cu²⁺: Yes, Sn turns black
- **Magnesium (Mg):**
- With Zn²⁺: Yes, Mg turns black
- With Sn²⁺: Yes, Mg turns black
- With Mg²⁺: N/A
- With Fe²⁺: No Reaction (N/R)
- With Cu²⁺: Yes, copper solution reacts
- **Iron (Fe):**
- With Zn²⁺: Yes, Fe turns black
- With Sn²⁺: Yes, Fe turns black
- With Mg²⁺: Yes, Fe turns yellow
- With](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F18451349-f722-4343-9ced-dbc580baaa92%2Fde2a9541-a049-4a21-8fbf-3266dc7a0894%2Fzyrtrfd.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![## Example:
### Chemical Reactions
**Complete Equation:**
\[ 2\text{Al}(s) + 3\text{Zn(NO}_3\text{)}_2(aq) \rightarrow 2\text{Al(NO}_3\text{)}_3(aq) + 3\text{Zn}(s) \]
**Net Ionic Equation:**
\[ 2\text{Al}(s) + 3\text{Zn}^{2+}(aq) \rightarrow 2\text{Al}^{3+}(aq) + 3\text{Zn}(s) \]
---
### Diagram Explanation:
This page provides a framework for writing both complete and net ionic equations. It comprises two columns with multiple rows:
- **Complete Equation:** Space to write the full balanced chemical equation, which includes all reactants and products.
- **Net Ionic Equation:** Space to write the net ionic equation, highlighting only the ions involved in the chemical change, excluding spectator ions.
Students can use these sections to practice balancing chemical equations and identifying the key components of a reaction.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F18451349-f722-4343-9ced-dbc580baaa92%2Fde2a9541-a049-4a21-8fbf-3266dc7a0894%2Fz1q2or.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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