Evans and Schamberg showed that some of the association between duration of childhood poverty and adult cognitive function appears to be explained by poverty-related material deficits. Which of the following pathways best describes this mechanism of action? 000 0 Childhood poverty > Social and material environment > Adult cognitive function Childhood poverty > Health behaviors > Adult cognitive function Childhood poverty > Discrimination > Adult cognitive function Childhood poverty > Stress > Adult cognitive function
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- If 20% of inactive controls had been misclassified as active? f 10 % of inactive cases had been misclassified as active?In a study of schizophrenia (a mental disorder including disorganization of thought and withdrawal from reality), researchers looked at the prevalence of the disorder in the biological and adoptive parents of people who were adopted as children; they found the following results: Prevalence of schizophrenia Adoptees With schizophrenia Biological parents Adoptive parents 12 2 Without schizophrenia 6 4 [Source: S. S. Kety et al., 1978, in The Nature of Schizophrenia: New Approaches to Research and Treatment, L. C. Wynne, R. L. Cromwell, and S. Matthysse, Eds. New York: Wiley, 1978, pp. 25-37.] What can you conclude from these results concerning the role of genetics in schizophrenia? Explain your reasoning.Consider a study designed to estimate the role that certain characteristics play on predicting persons who are at greatest risk of developing arthritis in one or more joints. The authors have noted a lost-to-followup rate of 26%. Why is this cause for concern? It is cause for concern because those who remain in the study may be at a systematically higher risk than those not followed It is not cause for concern in this type of study; the concern exists only for randomized trials It is cause for concern because those who remain in the study may be at a systematically higher or lower risk than those not followed It is cause for concern because those who remain in the study may be at a systematically lower risk than those not followed
- What is the appropriate level of measurement for the variables that will be examined in the impact of social media on the perception of “Self” among Adolescents?1)The Conceptual Model of Race by LaViest (1994), proposes a model with three pathways from race, to race differences in health status. Describe one (1) of these pathways from beginning to end. 2) Explain how race differences in diabetes prevalence could arise for the group described in American Indian / Alaska Native adults using the pathway in above question?what is a good response to? In the study by Madewell et al. (2022), the researchers explore the public healthcare interventions that could have significantly prevented deaths among children under five years of age. Their findings underscore the importance of prioritizing investments in interventions that enhance the healthcare system, such as improved antenatal care and higher-quality pediatric care, as crucial strategies for reducing child mortality. There has been a substantial worldwide increase in life expectancy in recent years. Millions of preventable illnesses and deaths are reported annually, stemming from transmittable diseases, maternal and perinatal issues, malnutrition, and non-communicable diseases, as well as injuries. These factors contribute to a loss of life among those affected. Many of these conditions and health challenges can be prevented. The primary preventable causes of death are chronic non-communicable diseases, including cerebrovascular disease,…
- A hypothetical population of 3000 elderly adults was recruited for a 10-year study of Alzheimer's disease. Upon initial exam prior to the start of follow-up, 450 cases of the disease were diagnosed and excluded from further study. Over the 10-year study period, 640 new cases of Alzheimer's disease developed, and 215 of those incident cases died from the disease. The study participants contributed a total of 18,500 person-years of follow-up time. Calculate the Alzheimer's disease incidence rate per 1000 population during this study. Round to the nearest whole number. Include only the numerical answer (no units) in the answer box.Based on what we know about infants' use of statistical learning, what might explain individual differences in the number of words children understand by 1 year of age? (Remember, the median number of words known is 70, with the 10th percentile knowing 25 words and the 90th percentile knowing >200 words). Selected Answer: Individual differences in phonemic discrimination abilities. Answers: Individual differences in reinforcement for listening to speech. Individual differences in number of words heard. Individual differences in categorical perception. Individual differences in phonemic discrimination abilities. my selected answer was wrong!Studies on the possible adaptive value of anticipatory grief have produced results contrary to expectations: people that show more grief before the death of a loved one with a terminal disease also show more grief afterwards. What is a possible explanation for these findings? Grief is actually not adaptative – it’s just a side effect of our big brain Many other factors influence levels of grief and sadness (gender, past experiences, personality, age) which may obscure any underlying relationship The measurements of grief used in this study were too coarse, some quantitative measurement would be better than three qualitative categories All of the above Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) through lab crosses is one way to find the genetic variants responsible for variation in a trait. What is the rationale for why this approach works? By systematically inhibiting the action of each gene, you can determine which genes affect which traits By sequencing the entire genome, you can…
- List some challenges associated with studying the genetics of behavior, and explain how linkage analysis, microarrays, and genome-wide association studies address some of those challengesUsing examples from the literature, explain how genome-wide association studies have helped us understand the origins of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, ADHD and/or schizophreniaBeatty and Katare (2018) test two interventions that leverage behavioral insights to increase physical activity at low or no cost. What are these interventions? • Sales incentives and moral incentives O Remunerative incentives and coercive incentives • Lottery-based financial incentives and social norming treatment O Lottery-based financial incentives and coercive incentives