Ethylene glycol is heated from 25°C to 40°C at a rate of 2.5 kg/s in a horizontal copper tube (k = 386 W/m·K) with an inner diameter of 2.0 cm and an outer diameter of 2.5 cm. A saturated vapor (Tg = 110°C) condenses on the outside-tube surface with the heat transfer coefficient (in kW/m2·K) given by 9.2/(Tg - Tw)0.25, where Tw is the average outside-tube wall temperature. What tube length must be used? Take the properties of ethylene glycol to be r = 1109 kg/m3, cp = 2428 J/kg·K, k = 0.253 W/m·K, m = 0.01545 kg/m·s, and Pr = 148.5.

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Mechanisms of heat transfer

Heat transfer is an essential discipline in thermal engineering that deals with the transfer, conversion, usability, and creation of heat or thermal energy. Transfer of heat occurs through various mechanisms like conduction, convection, radiation, and change of phases. All these mechanisms have distinct characteristics, but these mechanisms can simultaneously occur in an identical system.