Epidemiologist A: It is possible that substance use is a cause of psychological stress. Epidemiologist B: It is possible that psychological stress causes substance use. To know which of the two epidemiologists, or whether both of them, are correct, it is important to know whether study participants started using substances before their stress levels were above normal, or whether high stress levels were detected after they had used substances for a few weeks. This relates to _________________ of association a. temporality b. specificity c. biological plausibility d. strength

Epidemiologist A: It is possible that substance use is a cause of psychological stress. Epidemiologist B: It is possible that psychological stress causes substance use. To know which of the two epidemiologists, or whether both of them, are correct, it is important to know whether study participants started using substances before their stress levels were above normal, or whether high stress levels were detected after they had used substances for a few weeks. This relates to _________________ of association a. temporality b. specificity c. biological plausibility d. strength

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