Enveloped viruses, which have a membrane coat,gain access to the cytosol by fusing with a cell membrane.Why do you suppose that these viruses encode their ownspecial fusion protein, rather than making use of a cell'sSNAREs?

Enveloped viruses, which have a membrane coat,gain access to the cytosol by fusing with a cell membrane.Why do you suppose that these viruses encode their ownspecial fusion protein, rather than making use of a cell'sSNAREs?

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter17: The Immune System And Disease

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2ACQ: Figure 17.6 Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane....

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus…

A: Respiratory Illness: Respiratory illness refers to a group of disorders that affect the lungs and…

Q: In electron micrographs of HSV infection, it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with…

A: The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is an infection that causes herpes in various parts of the body that…

Q: A viral genome is composed of a double stranded DNA molecule containing 14% T (thymine). Based on…

A: The deoxyribonucleic acid is the genetic material that is passed from one generation to the next…

Q: A viral mutation that causes changes in the glycoprotein spikes would affect which aspect of the…

A: A virus consists of three basic structures, an outer protein coating(capsid), an outer protein…

Q: What is an envelope? What are spikes (peplomers)? Why do some enveloped viruses have pleomorphic…

A: A virus is a microorganism that has an infectious property. It cannot reproduce by itself.

Q: virus infects evolve to have the viral receptors

A: virus receptor can be defined as a host cell surface component recognized by the virus as a gateway…

Q: During the lysogenic cycle of lambda (A) phage the phage genome is integrated in the host chromosome…

A: Bacteriophage are those viruses which are found to be in fact to the bacterial cell.

Q: Viruses replicate by entering a cell and using the host cell's enzymes to produce more copies of…

A: 1- Volume of sphere- 4/3πr3 2- Volume of cylinder= πr2 h Diameter= 2r Here: π=3.14 r=radius of…

Q: You are studying a new retrovirus. The viral protein (X) appears to play a role in the export of the…

A: The nucleus is the structure that encompasses the genome (DNA) in all eukaryotic cells. It is…

Q: Viruses are host-specific, meaning they can only infect specific types of host organisms. For…

A: Viruses are acellular organisms. They become active once they enter inside an organism and can…

Q: Viruses with negative sense RNA genomes typically, make proteins by: (Ignore retroviruses, and the…

A: Ans- Since the viral genome is of negative sense so it can't be translated directly into proteins.…

Q: a typical eukarytic cell has a diameter of 50 microns while a corona virus particles has a diameter…

A: Given that the diameter of a typical eukaryotic cell = 50 microns the diameter of a coronavirus…

Q: The proteins on the surface of envelope viruses generally have to perform a few key tasks,…

A: 1. There has been no evidence that the translation of viral proteins is facilitated by proteins on…

Q: ach virus bind to a specific cell surface receptor for attachment, so prevention of viral attachment…

A: Microorganisms or microbes are tangible objects that appear under a microscope. Large groups of…

Q: The viral genome needs to get to the nucleus for the virus that replicates in the nucleus. In other…

A: Viruses have genetic material either DNA or RNA that is surrounded by a protein coat. They require…

Q: Why don’t viruses expose their fusion loops prior to entry?

A: ANSWER;- Viral membrane fusion is the process by which encompassed infections enter host cells. It…

Q: Which of the following components of a virus is NOT encoded by its own genome? O capsid of HIV O…

A: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus that primarily infects human immune cells,…

Q: Where do - ss RNA viruses assemble? O 1) golgi O 2) nucleus 3) cytoplasm O 4) both the nucleus and…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism that contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…

Q: Researchers studying the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also known as COVID-19, have found that the virus is able…

A: Answer :- Option D is explained properly SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysomomes of its host cell by…

Q: produce a diagram of the replication of a viral genome of stranded RNA simple [+] and mRNA…

A: According to the answering guidelines, I'm going answer 1st three parts of the question. Please post…

Q: xplain the reason why these viruses encode their own special fusion protein rather than making use…

A: The presence of the big proteins known as SNAREs on the vesicle facilitates the fusing of the…

Q: Considering that each virus must bind to a specific cell surface receptor for attachment, explain…

A: Virus attaches to a particular site of the host cell, the cell membrane of the host cell has…

Q: How could a host cell use myosin to arrange actin such that a virus couldn't enter the cell?

A: If a group of bacteria or virus invades host cells like gut epithelium cells by stimulating the…

Q: In some viruses the flow of information is in reverse that is ,from RNA to DNA.can you suggest a…

A: Viruses are classified into distinct classes on the basis of the type of genome they possess and its…

Q: What is an example of a virus and its single viral protein that accomplishes multiple functions?…

A: Viruses are organisms (acellular) which contain either DNA /RNA *but never both* as their genetic…

Q: viral genome needs to get to the nucleus for the virus that replicates in the nucleus. the viral…

A: Viruses are small entities that stand on the line of living and nonliving things. Viruses require…

Q: After a positive strand RNA virus ( Such as Coronaviruses) enters the host cell, the RNA is…

Q: A viral mutation that causes changes in the glycoprotein spikes would affect which aspect of the…

A: Option A, B, C and D are correct .

Concept explainers

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.

Question

Enveloped viruses, which have a membrane coat,
gain access to the cytosol by fusing with a cell membrane.
Why do you suppose that these viruses encode their own
special fusion protein, rather than making use of a cell's
SNAREs?

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1- Introduction

VIEW

Step 2- Explanation

VIEW

Step 3- Conclusion

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 3 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

Endocytosed enveloped viruses leave endosomal compartments at some point during endosome maturation and fusion with the lysosome. But some types of viruses escape earlier in that process than others. What is one reason why escape might happen at different points?
Researchers studying the SARS-CoV-2 virus, also known as COVID-19, have found that the virus is able to circumvent its host cell's normal defenses by leaving the cell via its lyso- somes rather than its normal secretory vesicles, as illustrated in the figure below. endoplasmic reticulum nucleus disrupted lysosomal functions Entry and egress of the SARS-CoV-2 virus A Golgi complex Which of the following best explains their findings? B lysosome (deacidified) С lysosome (acidified) B-coronavirus normal biosynthetic pathway egress via lysosomal trafficking SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysosomes of its host cells by decreasing the pH within them. SARS-CoV-2 activates lysosomes of its host cells by decreasing the pH within them. SARS-CoV-2 activates lysosomes of its host cells by increasing the pH within them. D SARS-CoV-2 inhibits lysosomes of its host cells by increasing the pH within them.
In electron micrographs of HSV infection, it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with cell-surface proteoglycans, then with specific receptors. This is later followed by viral capsids docking with nuclear pores. Afterward, the capsids go from being full to being "empty." Which of the following statements best fits these observations? The viral envelope is not required for infectivity, since the envelope does not enter the nucleus. The viral envelope mediates entry into the cell, the capsid mediates entry into the nuclear membrane, and the genome is all that enters the nucleus. Only the genetic material of the virus is involved in the cell's infectivity, and is injected into the host cell like the genome of a phage. Viral capsids are needed for the cell to become infected; since the full capsids enter the nucleus.
What is an envelope? What are spikes (peplomers)? Why do some enveloped viruses have pleomorphic virions? Give two functions spikes might serve in the viral life cycle and the proteins that the influenza virus uses in these processes.
The viral genome needs to get to the nucleus for the virus that replicates in the nucleus. In other words, the viral nucleocapsid has to overcome two barriers (i.e., plasma membrane and nuclear membrane). Compare and contrast the mechanisms by which the viruses penetrate the two membranes.
How do cellular receptors for viruses come about? does host species that a particular virus infects evolve to have the viral receptors? would the above offer any survival and/or reproductive advantages to the host? how likely does the virus mutate so it would recognize (or fit) a particular exiting surface protein on the target cells of the host?
Below is a figure for the cycle of the Influenza virus. Explain the shape.
viral genome needs to get to the nucleus for the virus that replicates in the nucleus. the viral nucleocapsid has to pass two barriers (i.e., plasma membrane and nuclear membrane). Compare and contrast the mechanisms by which the viruses penetrate the two membranes.
Viruses with negative sense RNA genomes typically, make proteins by: (Ignore retroviruses, and the unusual characteristics of coronaviruses) Translation of short RNA transcripts generated by RDRP Generating a DNA copy, which is then transcribed by host RNA polymerase. Translation of the viral genome by host ribosomes. Production of a polyprotein, which must be cleaved into smaller proteins. Generating a negative sense genome copy, which is then translated by host ribosomes.
Where do - ss RNA viruses assemble? O 1) golgi O 2) nucleus O3) cytoplasm O 4) both the nucleus and cytoplasm O 5) Endoplasmic reticulum Type:S
During the lysogenic cycle of lambda (1) phage the phage genome is integrated in the host chromosome where it is passed on to daughter cells through binary fission. the phage DNA is copied and accumulates in the cytoplasm. Then a trigger causes capsid proteins to be made and phages are assembled. the product of one prophage gene is made and it activates most of the other prophage genes. the viral genes immediately turn the host cell into a lambda-producing factory. Then the host lyses. 0000
Viruses are host-specific, meaning they can only infect specific types of host organisms. For examble, the adenovirus is responsible for the common cold in humans but your dog can't catch a cold from you. Why is this? The proteins on the virus surface can only bind with proteins on the correct host surface. It is an enveloped or non-enveloped virus. The enzymes carried by the virus are compatible with the host. The genome of the virus is made of DNA or RNA.