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Entrance to mastoid antrum in the epitympanic recess Auditory ossicles (b) Middle and internal ear Scala vestibuli (contains perilymph) Scala tympani (contains perilymph) 581 Semicircular -vestibule vestibular nerve Coachleur cochlea Phera mange tympan

Entrance to mastoid antrum in the epitympanic recess Auditory ossicles (b) Middle and internal ear Scala vestibuli (contains perilymph) Scala tympani (contains perilymph) 581 Semicircular -vestibule vestibular nerve Coachleur cochlea Phera mange tympan

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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### Anatomy of the Middle and Internal Ear #### Diagram Explanation **Image Overview**: The image shows detailed diagrams labeled to explain the anatomy of the middle and internal ear. #### Diagram (a): Middle and Internal Ear - **Entrances to mastoid antrum in the epitympanic recess**: This part of the ear connects to the air cells of the mastoid process. - **Auditory ossicles**: These small bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. - **Semicircular canals**: These are three looped structures oriented in different planes, helping with balance and spatial orientation. - **Vestibule**: A chamber between the cochlea and the semicircular canals, important for balance. - **Vestibular nerve**: This nerve transmits balance-related information from the vestibule and semicircular canals to the brain. - **Cochlear nerve**: Responsible for transmitting auditory information from the cochlea to the brain. - **Cochlea**: A spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure that converts sound waves into electrical signals. - **Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube**: Connects the middle ear to the pharynx to equalize pressure. #### Diagram (b): Cross-section of the Cochlea - **Scala vestibuli**: Contains perilymph fluid and is part of the cochlea. It starts near the oval window where the stapes taps to create fluid waves. - **Scala tympani**: Also contains perilymph fluid. It is situated below the cochlear duct and helps dissipate the sound waves after they have traveled through the cochlea. These structures work together to perform the crucial functions of hearing and maintaining balance. The auditory system converts sound waves into neural signals that our brain interprets as sound, while the vestibular system sends information about motion and spatial orientation. ### Conclusion Understanding the anatomy of the middle and internal ear is essential for learning about how we hear and maintain balance. This knowledge is fundamental in fields ranging from audiology to neurology.
Transcribed Image Text:### Anatomy of the Middle and Internal Ear #### Diagram Explanation **Image Overview**: The image shows detailed diagrams labeled to explain the anatomy of the middle and internal ear. #### Diagram (a): Middle and Internal Ear - **Entrances to mastoid antrum in the epitympanic recess**: This part of the ear connects to the air cells of the mastoid process. - **Auditory ossicles**: These small bones (malleus, incus, and stapes) transmit sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear. - **Semicircular canals**: These are three looped structures oriented in different planes, helping with balance and spatial orientation. - **Vestibule**: A chamber between the cochlea and the semicircular canals, important for balance. - **Vestibular nerve**: This nerve transmits balance-related information from the vestibule and semicircular canals to the brain. - **Cochlear nerve**: Responsible for transmitting auditory information from the cochlea to the brain. - **Cochlea**: A spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure that converts sound waves into electrical signals. - **Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube**: Connects the middle ear to the pharynx to equalize pressure. #### Diagram (b): Cross-section of the Cochlea - **Scala vestibuli**: Contains perilymph fluid and is part of the cochlea. It starts near the oval window where the stapes taps to create fluid waves. - **Scala tympani**: Also contains perilymph fluid. It is situated below the cochlear duct and helps dissipate the sound waves after they have traveled through the cochlea. These structures work together to perform the crucial functions of hearing and maintaining balance. The auditory system converts sound waves into neural signals that our brain interprets as sound, while the vestibular system sends information about motion and spatial orientation. ### Conclusion Understanding the anatomy of the middle and internal ear is essential for learning about how we hear and maintain balance. This knowledge is fundamental in fields ranging from audiology to neurology.
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