Ebola virus kills 90% of the people infected. In an infected individual, how many copies of Ebola Virus are present in once cubic millimeter (1 mL) of blood? Which major organ is affected and what are the consequences? Why does the blood pressure decrease in a person infected with Ebola virus? What leads to the death of the person? How many people died in the West African Ebola outbreak?     How many healthcare workers died? What is being done to prevent Ebola virus?

Q: With regards to small pox disease,describe the difference between variolation and vaccination and…

A: Variolation was an earlier approach used for immunisation against smallpox disease( variola). It…

Q: Why are monitoring virus loads and T-cell counts important to those who are HIV positive?

A: HIV or human immunodeficiency viruses are the two lentiviral species that generally cause infection…

Q: Which of the following statements is true?   HIV typically causes AIDs within the first year of…

A: HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus that causes the acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS). It…

Q: Influenza viruses mutate rapidly, whereas the chickenpox virus doesnot. Why are people encouraged to…

A: Vaccination can be defined as the process in which there is the administration of the vaccine. The…

Q: Which of these statements about cat scratch disease is false?a) It is a common cause of chronic…

A: Which of these statements about cat scratch disease is false?

Q: What is the T cell count below which HIV infection is now classified as AIDS?

A: We can say that the CD4 test or CD4 count test is a type of blood test used to measure the level of…

Q: The graph in Figure 3 represents the information complied over a 10-year period showing the…

A: HIV destroys CD4 cells by using their replication machinery to create new copies of the virus. This…

Q: Why is infectious mononucleosis also called the “kissing disease”?

A: Virus is a microorganism that is neither prokaryotic or eukaryotic. This is because the virus…

Q: The GREEN line on the graph represents which of the following in the course of an infection with HIV…

A: AIDS It refers to Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome which is a life- threatening disease, caused by…

Q: Čase Scenario. In the past month, Barangay Sampaloc reported 5 new cases of HIV/AIDS. This brings…

A: What is prevalence? Prevalence is the number of people in a populace with a specific malady…

Q: What are the different types of vaccines available? In other words, what molecules are these…

A: Vaccines : Vaccines are the drugs that are used to inject in a person to make him immune from a…

Q: When we get sick we trust our immune system to protect us, but what happens when that system goes…

A: The fundamental elements of the immune system are white blood cells, antibodies, the complement…

Q: What are toll-like receptors?  How do they work?  What do they bind?  Give an example of one and…

A: Immunity present at the time of birth itself are called Innate Immunity(eg:cough reflex). Innate…

Q: When traders and missionaries first went to Hawaiian Islands, the native there experienced severe…

A: IntroductionWhen traders and missionaries first arrived in the Hawaiian Islands, the native…

Q: What is a major mechanism by which HIV damages the immune system in AIDS?

A: Viruses can spread through various agents such as air, water, direct contact, and by other means.…

Q: What happens in the thymus? Propose an explanation that the changes in the thymus makes senior…

A: The thymus selects T cells that can identify and combat invading pathogens while eradicating those…

Q: SARS-CoV-2 binds, or attaches, to specific proteins on the surface of a cell. These proteins are…

A: SARS-CoV-2 particles, like other coronaviruses, are spherical and have proteins called spikes…

Q: Imagine you are the coronavirus living in New York City. You thought the best place to find the most…

A: Coronavirus is defined as a type of common virus that will infect humans, which will typically lead…

Q: Based on the graph below, which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply. 107…

A: Acquired immunodeficiency virus (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which…

Q: What is the immunological function of a Toll-like receptor?

A: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of receptors that serve as the body's first line of defence…

Q: H1N1 and H5N2 can undergo an antigenic shift. The H and N genes are independent gene segments. What…

A: Antigenic drift signifies the mixing of different inflenza genes from different species.  Influenza…

Q: Using the figure shown below, briefly explain the relationship between levels of HIV viral RNA,…

A: HIV is spread via unprotected sex, contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from…

Q: What are the conspiracies and myths about SARS CoV-2 vaccination ?

A: Coronavirus Coronaviruses are named for the crown like spikes on their surface. "corona" in Latin…

Q: What are CD4 lymphocytes? What is the relationship between these cells and HIV? How does HIV…

A: CD4 cells are T helper lymphocytes with receptor proteins on their plasma membrane. CD4 is the…

Q: How does the immune system remember the previous viruses that it had fought?

A: It is made up of special organs,  cells and chemicals that fight infection.  The main parts of…

Q: What is the physical occurrence that makes lymph nodes swell?    1. Your nervous system notices an…

A: Lymph is a mobile connective tissue and comprising of lymph plasma and lymph corpuscles. Lymph…

Q: What are the immune responses to viral infections? What is the difference between epidemic and…

A: An epidemic refers to the occurrence of an infectious disease in a population or region that is…

Q: What is HIV undetectable? What is HIV undetectable postive? What is difference between HIV…

A: The concise form of the human immunodeficiency virus is HIV. It generally attacks the immune system…

Q: What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? Include some symptoms associated with each.

A: Infection with HIV destroys the CD4 cells that helps to fight against infections. AIDS is the last…

Q: Your friend says, “I think I have the kissing disease. What is it?” Explain the disease to your…

A: Viral diseases are caused by viruses, a type of microorganisms. Viral diseases are contagious in…

Q: Pasteur injected the material from the spinal cord of a rabbit that died of rabies into a young boy…

A: Immune system of the body is responsible for killing the pathogen.

Q: Should the government implement the mandatory vaccination for all the citizens regardless of their…

A: Different countries have different opinion about mandatory vaccination. Thus it is a very complex…

Q: The following are the stages in the development of cystic acne. Place them in order and indicate…

A: The figure given in the second question is not clear, please post it separately.              Cystic…

Q: Compare Ebola Virus to SARS-CoV2 with respect to the following parameters: Virus interactions with…

A: Ebola Virus and SARS-CoV2 are both highly contagious diseases that pose a serious global health…

Q: What type of immunity occurs when a child is given thechickenpox vaccine? What type of immunity does…

A: Two types of immunity exist — active and passive: Active immunity occurs when our own immune system…

Q: MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteria) infections are becoming more common as…

A: MRSA or the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteria is resistant to several…

Q: How does Humoral Immune response to SARS_COV-2?

A: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS_COV-2) is defined as the strain of the virus…

Q: Explain the differences seen in the graph between the numbers of T4 cells and HIV particles over the…

A: Note: We can only answer one question at a time so please resubmit other questions one by one.…

Q: Why is creating a vaccine to SARS CoV2 challenging?  What is herd immunity and how can a vaccine…

A: Introduction Vaccines are medicines that build resistance to a particular illness. When you are…

Q: Consider that the Herd Immunity Threshold is dependent on the reproduction number for an infectious…

A: Few important terms are as follows: Contagious disease : Disease that spread from one person to…

Q: What are H and N spikes and how do they affect immunity in relation to the flue and why is it…

A: Common cold or flu is a viral infection that is transmitted through the air from person-to-person.…

Q: During the primary HIV infection, which of the following cells decreases in number?   T-cells…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that reproduces only inside the living cells of a life…

Q: You are presented with the following clinical scenario: "A 50 year old patient presents with…

A: Various leukocyte populations can be distinguished using certain markers in flow cytometry studies…

Q: What is the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rate with chickenpox?

A: Varicella, also known as chickenpox, is a very contagious viral infection. The result is an itchy…

Q: intersection between environmental conditions and communicable diseases

A: An important field of research in public health is the interaction between environmental factors and…

Q: While visiting your third cousin twice-removed in India, you find out that many individuals in the…

A: Diagnosis is a art of identifying the disease condition including it's nature, symptoms. Based on…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.