During normal quiet breathing: O only expiration requires muscle activation no muscles are involved in either inspiration or expiration Muscle contractions are needed for both inspiration and expiration muscle action is only required for inspiration, whereas expiration occurs due to passive elastic recoil of tissues that were stretched during inspiration The lungs stick to the wall of the thoracic cavity due to: negative intrapleural pressure in the pleural cavity and adhesion of fluid in the pleural cavity to the pleura. Adhesion junctions between the parietal and visceral pleura fibrous connective tissues between the visceral and parietal pleura Surfactant in the intrapleural space

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