During exercise when the body lacks an adequate supply of oxygen to support energy production, the pyruvate that is producedfrom the breakdown of glucose is converted into lactate. High lactate levels can lead to acidity in the muscle cells as some of thelactate hydrolyzes to lactic acid.The dissociation of lactic acid to lactate is shown in the reaction. Lactic acid has a pK₂ of 3.86.+ H+O™OHOHOHLactic acidLactateA solution containing a mixture of lactic acid and lactate was found to have a pH of 3.56. Calculate the ratio of the lactateconcentration to the lactic acid concentration in this solution.[lactate][lactic acid]What fraction of the lactic acid/lactate mixture is lactic acid?

When a person does workout, then the body has a tendency to lack a very high amount of oxygen…

Answered: During exercise when the body lacks an…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Similar questions

Myristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in small amounts in a variety of foods. Calculate the net ATP yield from the complete β-oxidation of myristoleic acid. The formula of myristoleic acid is shown below (it is assumed that the total ATP production is the same for both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having the same carbon chain length). CH3-(CH2)3-CHCH-(CH2)7-COOH (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP. ) Group of answer choices a. 96 ATP b. 92 ATP c. 94 ATP d. 34 ATP e. 36 ATP
Thiamine is the vitamin precursor for a co-enzyme called thiamine pyrophosphate or TPP. A patient diagnosed with thiamine deficiency exhibited fatigue and muscle cramps. The muscle cramps have been related to the accumulation of specific metabolic acids. On the following list, circle the metabolic acids that are most likely to accumulate in a thiamine deficiency? Note: There may be more than one. Isocitrate Pyruvate Succinate α-ketoglutarate Malate Fumarate (b) Provide a brief explanation for your answer to 1 (a) here
Hemp oil contains eicosenoic acid (20:149) as its primary monounsaturated fatty acid. Let's consider the conversion of a molecule of eicosenoic acid to ẞ-hydroxybutyrate. What are the ẞ-oxidation products and how many ATP are required during activation for one molecule of lignoceric acid? Given the following, how many molecules of 8-hydroxybutyrate can be produced? 2 CoA CoA NADH NAD+ H+ OH B-hydroxybutyrate Based on the total NADH and FADH2 available after converting lignoceric acid into 8-hydroxybutyrate, what is the typical yield of ATP that can be produced in the liver? Don't forget to include any ATP required for activation steps.
A glycolytic intermediate may be used to make the glycerol 3-phosphate necessary for the production of glycerophospholipids. For this conversion, provide a reaction sequence.
While fatty acids longer than 20 carbons are rarely found in foods, lignoceric acid (24:0) is found in a variety of tree nuts. Answer the following based on the conversion of a molecule of lignoceric acid to 8-hydroxybutyrate. (a) What are the 8-oxidation products and how many ATP are required during activation for one molecule of lignoceric acid? (b) Given the following, how many molecules of 8-hydroxybutyrate can be produced? CoA 2 2 CoA NADH NAD+ H+ OH ẞ-hydroxybutyrate (c) Based on the total NADH and FADH2 available after converting lignoceric acid into 8-hydroxybutyrate, what is the maximum yield of ATP that can be produced in the liver? Don't forget to include any ATP required for activation steps.
The glucose/glucose-6-phosphate substrate cycle involves distinct reactions of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis that interconvert these two metabolites. Assume that under physiological conditions, [ATP] = [ADP]; [P;] = 1 mM. Consider the glycolytic reaction catalyzed by hexokinase: ATP + glucose ADP + glucose-6-phosphate AG = - 16.7 kJ/mol (a) Calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for this reaction at 298°K, and from that, calculate the maximum [glucose-6-phosphate]/ Iglucose] ratio that would exist under conditions where the reaction is still thermodynamically favorable. (b) Reversal of this interconversion in gluconeogenesis is catalyzed by glucose-6-phosphatase: glucose-6-phosphate + H20 = glucose + P AG" = -13.8 kJ/mol
Hemp oil contains eicosenoic acid (20:149) as its primary monounsaturated fatty acid. Let's consider the conversion of a molecule of eicosenoic acid to B-hydroxybutyrate. 2022, 4. Arizona State University What are the f-oxidation products and how many ATP are required during activation for one molecule of lignoceric acid? Given the following, how many molecules of 6-hydroxybutyrate can be produced? COA OH COA NADH NAD+ B-hydroxybutyrate H* Based on the total NADH and FADH, available after converting lignoceric acid into ß hydroxybutyrate, what is the typical yield of ATP that can be produced in the liver? Don't forget to include any ATP required for activation steps.
The enzyme aldolase catalyzes the reaction shown in the glycolytic pathway: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate The AG" for the reaction is +23.8 kJ mol¯¹ (+5.7 kcal mol−¹), whereas the AG in the cell is −1.3 kJ mol¯¹ (−0.3 kcal mol¯¹). Calculate the ratio of products to reactants under standard (equilibrium) conditions at 37°C. [products] [reactants] 7 x10-5 [products] [reactants] Incorrect Aldolase ===== Calculate the ratio of products to reactants under intracellular conditions at 37°C. 4 ×10-5 Incorrect Complete the statement using your results. under standard conditions under intracellular conditions A reaction that is endergonic under standard conditions can be converted into an exergonic reaction by maintaining the ratio of products to reactants below the equilibrium value.
The inilial reactions in the biosynthesis of the amino acid aspartate at 298 K are: Carbamoyphoephate Cartamoyi + phosphate ADP + phoaphate - ATP AO=-12,300 calmol AG-T800 calimol Which of the following statements is gorrect? A) The energy which is released fron the conversion of 1 mole of carbamoyphosphate to carbamoyl+ phosphate (P) in reaction I is sufficient to drive the synthesis of 1 mole of ATP in reaction II. B) AG for the reaction Carbamoyphosphate + Carbamoyl + phosphate is +123 kcalimol. c) AHP for reaction I cannot be detemined trom the information given. D) Al of the above. E) None of the above.
Hexokinase catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, in which glucose is phosphorylated to form glucose‑6‑phosphate. Give two reasons why a Mg2+ cation is required to facilitate this reaction.
Lipoic Acid is the vitamin precursor for a co-enzyme called Lipoamide A patient diagnosed with lipoic acid deficiency exhibited fatigue and muscle cramps. The muscle cramps have been related to the accumulation of specific metabolic acids. On the following list, highlight the metabolic acids that are most likely to accumulate in a lipoic acid deficiency? Note: There may be more than one. Isocitrate Pyruvate Succinate α-ketoglutarate Malate Fumarate Briefly explain.
Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the inorganic phosphate-mediated removal of glucose from glycogen (glycogen, to glycogenn-1), allowing the production of glucose 1- phopshate. The DG° for this reaction is +1.6 kJ/mol and R=8.31 J.mol1.K1 (Hint: The removal of glucose units from glycogen does not change the glycogen concentration at equilibrium or physiological conditions). 1- Write down the net equation of the reaction. 2- Calculate the [Pi]/[glucose 1-phosphate] ratio at the equilibrium at 25°C. 3- The ratio [Pi]/[glucose 1-phosphate] of this reaction is equal to 100 in the skeletal muscle under physiological conditions. 3a- Calculate the DG' of the reaction under physiological conditions at 25°C. 3b- What is the direction of this reaction under physiological conditions in the skeletal muscle?.

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