Classes Of Functional Groups
Organic Chemistry deals mostly with carbon and hydrogens, also called hydrocarbons, but those groups which replace hydrogen and bonds with carbon to give a characteristic nature, unique of their own, to the hydrocarbon they are attached to, are called functional groups. All the compounds belonging to a functional group undergo reactions in a similar pattern and are known to have similar physical and chemical properties.
Characteristics Of Functional Groups
In organic chemistry, we encounter a number of special substituent groups which are attached to the hydrocarbon backbone. These groups impart certain characteristics to the molecule of which it is a part of and thus, become the highlight of that particular molecule.
IUPAC Nomenclature
In Chemistry, IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry which suggested a systematic naming approach for the organic and inorganic compounds, as in the beginning stage of nomenclature one single chemical compound was named in many ways by which lead to confusion. The need for this approach aroused as the number of chemical compounds newly discovered were increasing (approximately 32 million compounds) and the basic concept of nomenclature i.e. the trivial nomenclature and the derived system of nomenclature failed to overcome the challenge. It is an important task to name a chemical compound systematically and unambiguously which reduces lots of confusion about the newly reported compounds.
Draw the neutral organic starting material.
![### Organic Chemistry Reaction: Identifying the Starting Material
**Objective:**
Draw the neutral organic starting material that yields the specified product when reacted with Br₂ in CH₂Cl₂.
**Reaction Details:**
- **Reagent:** Br₂ (Bromine)
- **Solvent:** CH₂Cl₂ (Dichloromethane)
- **Product:** A molecule that features a five-membered ring with one oxygen atom (tetrahydrofuran) and a bromomethyl substituent.
**Analysis:**
To determine the neutral organic starting material, we need to reverse-engineer the given product:
1. The product is a brominated organic compound containing a five-membered ring with an oxygen atom (an ether), specifically tetrahydrofuran (THF) with a bromomethyl group.
2. The Br₂ in CH₂Cl₂ condition suggests a bromination reaction, typically involving an alkene or alkyne.
### Step-by-Step Reaction:
1. **Draw the Product:** Tetrahydrofuran (THF) with a -CH₂Br group.
2. **Identify the Bromination Site:** The bromomethyl group indicates the presence of an alkyl group originally, likely from an alkene or alcohol precursor.
3. **Starting Material:** The likely starting material could be tetrahydrofuran with a -CH₂ functional group (such as a hydroxymethyl group) that reacts with Br₂ to yield the brominated product.
**Example Answer of the Starting Material:**
- 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (CH3 on the 2-position)
- THF having a substituent like -CH₂OH (hydroxymethyl tetrahydrofuran)
**Graph/Diagram Explanation:**
1. **Graph Paper:** Provided for drawing structure.
2. **Reaction Scheme:**
- Left side: Reaction conditions (Br₂, CH₂Cl₂).
- Right side: Product is depicted as a five-membered ring with oxygen (THF) and bromomethyl group substitution.
**Conclusion:**
Understanding the structure and reactivity helps identify the starting material. In this case, the neutral organic starting material is likely to be tetrahydrofuran with a functional group that can be brominated.
**Note:** The drawn starting material can vary based on interpretation and structural possibilities involved in organic synthesis reactions.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F37e1710d-5d92-4416-9037-10beff7be39e%2F2073d5a7-6050-42f4-a0be-532fd4690e9a%2Flikizvi.png&w=3840&q=75)
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