Draw the electron distribution diagram for water. Begin with 1 central water molecule. Show the chemistry of each element within the central water molecule (all electron orbits, lone pair electrons, type of chemical bond, polarity/charge, and correct shape). What type of bond creates a water molecule? What type of bond holds 1 water molecule to another water molecule? Next, draw the correct number of other water molecules bonding to the central water molecule. How many other water molecules bond to a central molecule of water?

Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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**Drawing the Electron Distribution Diagram for Water (H2O)**

**1. Central Water Molecule:**
Begin by drawing a single water molecule, which consists of:
- One Oxygen (O) atom at the center.
- Two Hydrogen (H) atoms.

**Chemistry of Each Element in Water Molecule:**
   - **Oxygen:**
     - Electron Orbits: Oxygen has 8 electrons.
       - 2 electrons in the first shell.
       - 6 electrons in the second shell (2 of which form bonds with hydrogen atoms, and 4 remain as lone pairs).
     - Lone Pair Electrons: Oxygen has 2 lone pairs.
     - Type of Chemical Bond: Covalent bond with Hydrogen.
     - Polarity/Charge: Oxygen is more electronegative, which gives the molecule a partial negative charge on the oxygen and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms.
     - Shape: Bent or V-shaped geometry.
     
   - **Hydrogen:**
     - Electron Orbits: Hydrogen has 1 electron.
     - Lone Pair Electrons: None.
     - Type of Chemical Bond: Covalent bond with Oxygen.
     - Polarity/Charge: Partial positive charge due to the electron pull towards oxygen.

**2. Bond Types:**
    - The bond that creates a water molecule (between hydrogen and oxygen) is a **covalent bond**.
    - The bond that holds one water molecule to another water molecule is a **hydrogen bond**.

**3. Bonding of Water Molecules:**
    - Draw additional water molecules to show how they bond through hydrogen bonds.
    - Each water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with up to four other water molecules (two hydrogen bonds through its hydrogen atoms, and two hydrogen bonds through lone pairs on the oxygen atom).

**Diagrams:**
- **Electron Distribution of a Single Water Molecule:**
  - Illustrate the oxygen atom with 4 electrons in two pairs (lone pairs) and two single electrons forming covalent bonds with two hydrogen atoms.
  - Show the correct V-shape and partial charges.

- **Water Molecules Bonding:**
  - Show multiple water molecules forming a network through hydrogen bonding.
  - Illustrate the partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms of one molecule interacting with the partial negative charge on the oxygen atom of another molecule.

**Conclusion:**
In essence, in liquid water, each water molecule is hydrogen-bonded
Transcribed Image Text:**Drawing the Electron Distribution Diagram for Water (H2O)** **1. Central Water Molecule:** Begin by drawing a single water molecule, which consists of: - One Oxygen (O) atom at the center. - Two Hydrogen (H) atoms. **Chemistry of Each Element in Water Molecule:** - **Oxygen:** - Electron Orbits: Oxygen has 8 electrons. - 2 electrons in the first shell. - 6 electrons in the second shell (2 of which form bonds with hydrogen atoms, and 4 remain as lone pairs). - Lone Pair Electrons: Oxygen has 2 lone pairs. - Type of Chemical Bond: Covalent bond with Hydrogen. - Polarity/Charge: Oxygen is more electronegative, which gives the molecule a partial negative charge on the oxygen and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms. - Shape: Bent or V-shaped geometry. - **Hydrogen:** - Electron Orbits: Hydrogen has 1 electron. - Lone Pair Electrons: None. - Type of Chemical Bond: Covalent bond with Oxygen. - Polarity/Charge: Partial positive charge due to the electron pull towards oxygen. **2. Bond Types:** - The bond that creates a water molecule (between hydrogen and oxygen) is a **covalent bond**. - The bond that holds one water molecule to another water molecule is a **hydrogen bond**. **3. Bonding of Water Molecules:** - Draw additional water molecules to show how they bond through hydrogen bonds. - Each water molecule can form hydrogen bonds with up to four other water molecules (two hydrogen bonds through its hydrogen atoms, and two hydrogen bonds through lone pairs on the oxygen atom). **Diagrams:** - **Electron Distribution of a Single Water Molecule:** - Illustrate the oxygen atom with 4 electrons in two pairs (lone pairs) and two single electrons forming covalent bonds with two hydrogen atoms. - Show the correct V-shape and partial charges. - **Water Molecules Bonding:** - Show multiple water molecules forming a network through hydrogen bonding. - Illustrate the partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms of one molecule interacting with the partial negative charge on the oxygen atom of another molecule. **Conclusion:** In essence, in liquid water, each water molecule is hydrogen-bonded
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