draw complete Lewis structures for both the reactants ethanol and acetic acid and the products ethyl acetate and water. Include lone pairs when needed.
Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
draw complete Lewis structures for both the reactants ethanol and acetic acid and the products ethyl acetate and water. Include lone pairs when needed.
![### Esterification Reaction
The following chemical equation represents an esterification reaction between ethanol (ethyl alcohol) and acetic acid:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{COOCH}_2\text{CH}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
#### Explanation
**Reactants:**
1. **CH₃CH₂OH (Ethanol)** - This is a simple alcohol with the chemical formula C₂H₆O, commonly known as ethyl alcohol.
2. **CH₃COOH (Acetic Acid)** - This is an organic acid with the chemical formula C₂H₄O₂, commonly known as vinegar.
**Products:**
1. **CH₃COOCH₂CH₃ (Ethyl Acetate)** - This is an ester with the chemical formula C₄H₈O₂, commonly used as a solvent in paints and coatings.
2. **H₂O (Water)** - Water is a byproduct of this esterification reaction.
#### Reaction Overview
Ethanol reacts with acetic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst (typically sulfuric acid, H₂SO₄) to form ethyl acetate and water. This reaction is an example of a condensation reaction, where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule with the release of a small molecule (water). The general form of an esterification reaction can be written as:
\[ \text{Alcohol} + \text{Acid} \rightarrow \text{Ester} + \text{Water} \]
This reaction is used widely in organic synthesis and in the production of various aromatic compounds.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F15976126-8979-495c-a2c3-d70684fdeb4f%2F90b5869c-4763-4f5d-aa7f-19982c7de71d%2Fgipfnza_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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