does not influence the actions of enzymes
amount of reactant
temp. of cytoplasm
ph of cytoplasm
humitidy
Enzymes (biocatalysts) are the biological molecules that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without acting as a reactant. Typically, protein is the major member of the enzyme family but some RNA molecules also act as an enzyme. Enzymes work by binding to the substrate and lowering the activation energy of the reaction.
Explanation of all the options:
a) Amount of reactant: The amount of the substrate (reactant) affects the action of an enzyme by increasing the rate of reaction initially. An increase in the substrate concentration results in an increased collision of the substrate and the enzyme. Consequently, more products will be formed but when all the enzymes become saturated with the substrate molecule, the rate of the reaction becomes constant. Therefore, the amount of reactant or substrate affects the action of enzymes.
b) The temperature of cytoplasm: Enzymes have a suitable temperature range at which they can bind with the substrate and affects the rate of reaction. Any deflection from the optimum temperature range affects the binding of the substrate with the enzyme and thus the rate of reaction is affected.
c) pH: Amino acids present at the active site of an enzyme plays a crucial role in the binding of the substrate with it. Any change in the pH affects the properties of these amino acids and thus the action of the enzyme is also affected.
d) Humidity: Humidity is measured as the amount of water vapour suspended in the air. It does not have any measurable impact on the action of an enzyme.
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