Discuss what G. E. P. Box might have meant when he wrote “All models are wrong but some are useful.”
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Discuss what G. E. P. Box might have meant when he wrote “All models are wrong but some are useful.”
Model validation:
Model validation is the process of checking whether a model is valid for predicting a particular response variable. One or more models may be effective in prediction the response variable in the data. However, it is impossible to find the exact or true model for a data.
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- Sections P.1 and 4.1 Software output is not required for this assignment. (Problems 1-2) Taxes and Soda Consumption - Suppose that a sales tax on soda will be removed in a random sample of communities to measure the impact on soda consumption. We wish to determine whether average per-capita consumption of untaxed soda is greater than 50 gallons a year. 1. Write the hypotheses using words. H: H: aQuestion 2 Jensen Tire & Auto is in the process of deciding whether to purchase a maintenance contract for its new computer wheel alignment and balancing machine. Managers feel that maintenance expense should be related to usage, and they collected the following information on weekly usage (hours) and annual maintenance expense (in hundreds of dollars). Weekly Usage (hours) Annual Maintenance Expense 13 17.0 10 22.0 20 30.0 28 37.0 32 47.0 17 30.5 24 32.5 31 39.0 40 51.5 40.0 38 a. Develop the estimated regression equation that relates annual maintenance expense to weekly usage. b. Test the significance of the relationship in part (a) at .05 level of significance. C. What is your conclusion at the .05 level of significance?For a within-subjects study comparing two treatments, A and B, a researcher expects that practice in the first treatment will improve the participants scores in the second treatment. If the order of treatments is counterbalanced, then the practice will… A. Influence scores in treatment A, but not in treatment B B. Influence scores in treatment A for half the participants and scores in treatment B for half the participants C. Not influence the scores in either treatment condition because the treatments are counterbalanced D. Influence scores in treatment B, but not in treatment A
- (Additional information for Questions 24 and 25). Theory of mind (ToM) is known as a social cognitive ability in which children are able to recognize that other's have different desires, beliefs, and emotions that are different from oneself. Child on the autism spectrum tend to acquire this ability later in development than typically developing children. The psychologists wanted to examine if children on different levels of the spectrum vary on whether they are able to pass or fail a theory of mind task. After testing the 100 children they sampled on a Theory of mind task, here's what they found using the three level of AS they identified in the previous section of this section: Pass ToM Fail ToM Low AS 20 24 Middle AS High AS 12 18 10 16Researchers are interested in seeing how likely adolescents are to return money that doesn't belong to them. In order to investigate this, they tell participants they are studying performance on math tests. Once a participant arrives, a member of the research team leads the participant into a lab room with a one-way mirror and asks the participant to wait for a few minutes while the researcher gets the math test. As the researcher leaves the room, they "accidentally" drop a $50 bill on the floor. In room next door, the researchers watch the participant through the one-way mirror for 5 mins to see if they pick up the money. When the researcher re-enters the lab room 5 minutes later with the math test, they make no mention of dropping the money. The researchers then record if the participant returns the money. Which of the following help prevent demand characteristics from interfering with the way the participant behaves in this study? A: The researcher "accidentally" dropping the money…Question 26
- A study was conducted to determine the effect of a special diet on a person's cholesterol level. The data below are the cholesterol levels of a random sample of seven middle-aged adults who were on a regular diet and who agreed to adopt a special diet for one month. Cholesterol levels were taken before adopting the special diet and a month after. Subject 1 2 3 4 5 7 Before 196 144 203 161 240 245 After 140 153 180 145 211 200 Perform the appropriate test of hypothesis to determine if the special diet is effective in lowering cholesterol level. Assume that the differences between the cholesterol levels before adopting the diet and a month after follow the normal distribution. Use a 5% level of significance. A. Perform a complete test of hypothesis. B. Select here the conclusion for this test of hypothesis. The special diet is effective in lowering cholesterol level. There is no sufficient evidence to say that the special diet is effective in lowering cholesterol level. 6 169 1453. Suppose you find yourself in this situation. One time you want to buy a light bulb.There are three brands of light bulbs that you know. Knowing that the longer the lightbulb lasts, the more you save. Your experience of buying the different brands of light isthe basis. The data are as follows: BRAND K: The light bulb lasted for 4.5 months, 3.5 months, 5.5 months, 2.5 months,6,5 months, 2 months, and 7 months.Brand A: The light bulb lasted for 4.5 months, 3.5 months, 5.5 months, 2.5 months, 6.5months, 2 months, 7months, 4.5 months and 4.5 months. BRAND J: The light bulb lasted for 4.5 months, 3.5 months, 5.5 months, 2.5 months, 6.5months, 2months, 7 months, 8 months and 1 month.If the light bulbs have the same price, which brand of light will you buy? Justify youranswer by using the statistical measures. Tabulate your solutions.ch 15 end. 5: A marketing research firm wishes to study the relationship between wine consumption and whether a person likes to watch professional tennis on television. One hundred randomly selected people are asked whether they drink wine and whether they watch tennis. The following results are obtained:
- High Cholesterol: A group of eight individuals with high cholesterol levels were given a new drug that was designed to lower cholesterol levels. Cholesterol levels, in milligrams per deciliter, were measured before and after treatment for each individual, with the following results: Individual Before After 1 253 202 2 237 213 3 282 184 276 205 246 179 6 258 209 7 293 181 8 276 187 Send data to Excel Part: 0 / 2 Part 1 of 2 focal laual. Int & ronracent the cholesterol level before treatment minus the Part 1 of 2 (a) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean reduction in cholesterol level. Let d represent the cholesterol level before treatment minus the cholesterol level after. Use the TI-84 calculator and round the answers to at least one decimal place. A 99% confidence interval for the mean reduction in cholesterol level is <<0.III. At the Olympic level of competition, even the smallest factors can make a difference between winning and losing. Previous research has found that Olympic marksmen shoot much better when they fire between heartbeats rather than during heartbeats (Pelton, 1983). The tiny vibration of a heartbeat appears to be enough to influence accuracy. A student at the University of Texas attempts to replicate the study with a group of collegiate marksmen. A group of collegiate marksmen (n = 6) fire a series of rounds while the student records heartbeats. For each shooter, a score is recorded for shots fired between and during heartbeats. Do the data support the earlier finding? Use alpha = .05. Shooter During Heartbeats Between Heartbeats A 93 98 В 90 94 C 95 96 92 91 E 95 97 F 91 97 State the hypotheses, critical values with df and alpha = .05, use SPSS and attach the SPSS output (which you've pasted into a word document to save the trees!) AND highlight the test-statistic and any other…Researchers are interested in whether the presence of another person influences one’s level of self-reported stress when performing a public speaking tasks. Participants performed the public speaking task on three different occasions. Once in the presence of a friend who provided support, another time in the presence of a stranger who provided support, and a third time alone, without any support
