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Your company has just discovered a gold deposit. It will take 6 months to begin the mining operation and it will extract continuously for 5 years. Futures contracts on gold are available with delivery every 2 months. Discuss how the futures markets can be used for hedging.
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- You work at the interest rates swaps trading desk of an investment bank. Exactly three years ago you entered into an interest rate swap with a client with a notional of €200 million. The client is paying a fixed rate of 4% with semi-annual frequency and receiving the floating rate LIBOR with semi-annual frequency. The interest rate swap had a maturity of six years when it was initiated.Today is payment day and you have already exchanged the cash-flows for today. What is the value of this interest rate swap for you? Use the data in Table 1. Please show your calculations. Discuss your result. Rates are continuously compounded in image attachedbSuppose that you bought two one-year gold futures contracts when the one-year futures price of gold was US$1,340.30 per troy ounce. You then closed the position at the end of the sixth trading day. The initial margin requirement is US$5,940 per contract, and the maintenance margin requirement is US$5,400 per contract. One contract is for 100 troy ounces of gold. The daily prices on the intervening trading days are shown in the following table. Day Settlement Price 0 1340.30 1 1345.50 2 1339.20 3 1330.60 4 1327.70 5 1337.70 6 1340.60 Assume that you deposit the initial margin and do not withdraw the excess on any given day. Whenever a margin call occurs on Day t, you would make a deposit to bring the balance up to meet the initial margin requirement at the start of trading on Day t+1, i.e., the next day. b. Fill the appropriate numbers in the blank cells in the following table. (Hint: See solution to Q19 in Lesson 2 Learning…A farm that produces corn is looking to hedge their exposure to price fluctuations in the future. It is now May 15th and they expect their crop to be ready for harvest September 30th. You have gathered the following information: Bushels of corn they expect to produce 44,000 May 15th price per bushel $3.08 Sept 30 futures contract per bushel $3.22 Actual market price Sept 30 $3.37 Required (round to the nearest dollar): Calculate the gain or loss on the futures contract and net proceeds on the sale of the corn. Net gain or loss on future $Answer Sell the corn $Answer Net $Answer
- A) It is now January. The current interest rate is 5% per annum annual compounding. The June future price for gold is $1846.30, while the December future rice is $1860.00. Find a strategy to explore the arbitrage opportunity. B) Suppose that the spot price of the euro is currently $1.5 USD. The one-year futures price is $1.55 USD. Is the interest rate higher in the United States or the euro zone? Justify your answer. C) OneAsx has just introduced a single-stock futures contract on Arandex stock, a company that currently pays no dividends. Each contract calls for delivery of 1,000 shares of stock in one year. The T-bill rate is 6% per year annually compounded and Arandex stock currently sells at $120 per share. If the Arandex price drops by 3%, what will be the change in the future price and the change in the investors’ margin account who has a long position in one contract?On May 25, 2018 you purchased an option which will allow you to sell a commercial building on August 14, 2022 for $42 million. Your current estimate of the value of the commercial building is $38 million. The annual volatility for the change in the commercial building’s value is 57% and the risk-free rate is 6%. What type of option is this? Calculate the value of the option to sell the commercial building. Please show work in excel and equations/questions used.The spot rate of gold is $1,200 per ounce. Please plot the payoff of selling a call option on an ounce of gold with a $50 premium and the strike price equal to $1,200. (You can copy a screenshot from an excel or similar).
- You have the opportunity to invest in a project with the following cash flows. Initial investment/Outlay today: $11,000. Cashflow back to you in 1 year $6000 Cashflow back to you in 2 years $5000 Scrap Value in 2 years $500 Assume interest rates are 5% in the 1 year and 7% in the 2 year. (tip: use the spreadsheet “NPV” from Moodle to helpin your calculations) a. Calculate the NPV of the project (show formula/workings)? b. Should you invest in this project? Why ?An investment manager based in Germany hedges a portfolio of UK gilts with a 3-month forward contract. The current spot rate is GBP0.833/EUR and the 90-day forward rate is GBP0.856/EUR. At the end of 3 months, the gilts have risen in value by -2.50% (in GBP terms), and the spot rate is now GBP0.82/EUR. What was the true cost of the forward contract? a. 11.044% annualised. b. 17287% annualised. c. 7287% annualised. d. 14.787% annualised.The current price of silver is $70.7 per ounce. The storage cost is 4.9% per annum with continuous compounding. Assuming that interest rates are 8.4% per annum with continuous compounding for all maturities, calculate the futures price of silver for delivery in 23 months G
- Suppose one of your family members has inherited the rights to gas production which has recently been valued at €5.8 million. Looking at the market outlook, the value of similar gas rigs has grown by about 15% per annum with an annual standard deviation of 25%. An investor has approached to enquire from your friend about the option to buy the gas production rig for €6.2 million in the next six months. The risk-free rate of interest is 2% per annum. How much would this option be worth?An oil producer expects to have 8,000 barrels of oil to sell in 10 months. How can the producer use forward contracts to create a perfect hedge if each forward contract is written on 1,000 oil barrels and matures in 10 months? Assume the forward price for each barrel of oil today for delivery in 10 months is $80, the spot price of a barrel of oil today is $79 dollars and the spot price of a barrel of oil in 10 months is $82 dollars. What net price does the oil producer receive for each barrel of oil in 10 months?1) A gold miner expects to have 80, 000 ounces of silver gold production at end of 2023. It has concern about silver gold price may decline over the next several months. Silver price today is $23.5 per oz; the futures price for December 2023 delivery is $24.0 per ounce. Each silver contract is 5000 oz. silver. Question: 1) How many silver contacts it will need to sell to hedge the price thru year end 2023? 2) If at year end 2023, silver price declines to $23 per oz., calculate and see how the hedge works.
