Answered: Discuss at least TWO ways in which…

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Question

Discuss at least TWO ways in which plasma glucose is maintained during exercise. Which hormones contribute to these processes?

Expert Solution

Step 1: Glycogenolysis

During exercise, the body needs to maintain plasma glucose levels to provide energy for the muscles. Two key ways in which plasma glucose is maintained during exercise, along with the hormones involved, are:

1. Glycogenolysis: The breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver and muscles into glucose is a primary mechanism to release glucose into the bloodstream during exercise. The hormone responsible for stimulating glycogenolysis is epinephrine (adrenaline), which is released from the adrenal glands in response to the body's increased demand for energy during exercise. Epinephrine activates glycogen phosphorylase, an enzyme that breaks down glycogen into glucose, thus raising blood glucose levels.