Differentiate between the following terms used in medical epidemiology: 4.1. Sporadic vs endemic 4.2. Individual matching vs group matching cases and controls
Differentiate between the following terms used in medical epidemiology:
4.1. Sporadic vs endemic
4.2. Individual matching vs group matching cases and controls
4.3. Dichotomous test vs continuous variables test
Sporadic refers to a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly, it does not show any common source of infection.
The cases of disease are so less and separated so widely in time and place that there exists no connection within them.
eg. tetanus, rabies, and plague etc.
vs
Endemic refers to the constant presence of a disease or infectious agent in a population within a define or indefinite geographic area.
Epidemic refers to an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease more than which is normally expected in that population of that area.
eg. COVID-19, chicken pox etc.
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