In the context of a case-control study, a pro of recruiting incident cases rather than prevalent cases is: a. Incidence is easier to assess than prevalence b. Incidence provides a measure of the burden of disease at one “snapshot” in time c. Using incident cases allows researchers to account for case-deaths that would not be evident if only prevalent cases were considered d. None of the above

In the context of a case-control study, a pro of recruiting incident cases rather than prevalent cases is: a. Incidence is easier to assess than prevalence b. Incidence provides a measure of the burden of disease at one “snapshot” in time c. Using incident cases allows researchers to account for case-deaths that would not be evident if only prevalent cases were considered d. None of the above

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26. Why are nested case control studies used in the field of molecular/genetic epidemiology? O B. Save money and give reliable estimates of disease incidence. O A. Save money and give reliable estimates of disease risk. C. Save money and give reliable estimates of disease prevalence. O D. Save money and give reliable estimates of cost versus benefit of early detection. O E. All of the above.
Large international variations in rates of communicable diseases, undernutrition, and maternal and child deaths can be explained by all of the following except: a. differences in cultural factors b. genetic factors c. differences in climate d. access to health care
The epidemiological or disease triangle is a model of disease causation that proposes three factors contribute to an outbreak – an agent that causes the disease, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. Some general changes within these three factors that may cause an infectious disease to emerge include: A. changes in populations or behavior of reservoir hosts or intermediate hosts B. microbial genetic mutation and viral genetic recombination or assortment C. environmental factors such as an increase in precipitation D. all of the above E. none of the above
24. True or false? Prior to calculating cumulative incidence, prevalent cases should be removed from the denominator.
Which of the following imaginary pieces of information does not represent a proportion or a %? a. 80 out of 100 residents of a city own a car b. One-thirds of a class session will be utilized for group exercises c. 70% of students in a university are undergraduates d. For every 100 vaccinated kids in a city, there are at least five who are not vaccinated
When there is an outbreak, epidemiologists investigate who are the people that developed the disease and what do they have in common, where it first occurred, and when it started. In summary, they are looking at the ___________________ of the disease. a. Determinants b. Distribution c. Complications d. Natural History
Is it possible to get “better” evidence from a case-control study than a cohort study? When could this happen?
Please answer fast
There are multiple epidemiologic study designs. Study designs can be categorized as an experimental or observational design. What is the primary difference between the two? (Choose the one best answer) 1. In an experimental design, the outcome/disease is assigned 2. In an observational design, the outcome/disease is assigned 3. In an experimental design, the exposure/treatment is assigned 4. In an observational design, the exposure/treatment is assigned 5. They are both epidemiologic study designs without a distinct difference
The population of Denton County is 887,207. As of October 12th, there are 331 new cases of COVID-19. There are 15,363 active cases. There are 104,080 total cases. Calculate the prevalence rate of COVID-19 in Denton County per 1,000 people.
How did they get 79%?
For each of the studies below, put an “A” if it is an example of analytic epidemiology or a “B” if is an example of descriptive epidemiology. __________ Analysis of US mortality data to determine the rates of colorectal cancer deaths for white (non-Hispanic), black (non-Hispanic) and Hispanics in 2012. __________ Analysis of survey and laboratory data to determine if individuals with a high salt diet have higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. ______ Case-control study to determine if patients with a current diagnosis of breast cancer had ever received hormone replacement therapy. ______ Analysis of medical records to determine if diagnosis of hypertension is more or less common among adults age 65 or older compared to those younger than age 65.