Devise the most efficient synthesis for the carboxylic acid below using a starting material and reagents from the tables. Give your route by specifying the number of the starting material followed by the letters of the reagents you would use beginning with the first step. The answer 4fh means treat t-butanol (4) with conc. HCI(f) then treat the product with KOH in alcohol(h). Starting materials Reagents a Mg/dry ether H₂C b 1. CO₂ 2. acidic workup c NaCN/THF or DMF d NaCN/dil. aqueous H₂SO4 The most efficient synthetic route is e Ethanol, H₂SO4(trace) at reflux f Conc. HCI g HBr Hot h KOH/alcohol A i OsO₂ J Na₂ CrO₂ / aqueous H₂SO4 k 1. BHYTHF 2 H₂O₂/aq NaOH I Å
Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
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