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Determine the product(s) of the following substitution reaction: :Br: : NH3

Determine the product(s) of the following substitution reaction: :Br: : NH3

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Title: Determining the Product(s) of a Substitution Reaction** **Objective:** Identify the product(s) of the given substitution reaction. **Reaction Description:** The provided reaction involves a cyclobutane ring substituted with a bromine atom and an ethyl group. The cyclobutane has a bromine (Br) substituent, which is depicted leaving the molecule. The nucleophile for this substitution reaction is ammonia (NH₃). Diagram Description: - A cyclobutane ring is shown with a wedge for the ethyl group and a dash for the bromine atom, indicating their positions in a three-dimensional space. - An arrow points from this structure towards NH₃, indicating that NH₃ is acting as a nucleophile in the reaction. **Mechanism Outline:** 1. **Nucleophilic Attack:** - The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom in NH₃ attacks the carbon atom bonded to the bromine atom. 2. **Leaving Group Departure:** - The bromine atom leaves the cyclobutane ring, carrying with it the electrons that were shared with the carbon atom. **Expected Product:** - A cyclobutane ring where the original bromine substituent has been replaced by an ammonia substituent. **Detailed Product Structure:** - The cyclobutane ring maintains its structure. - The new substituent on the ring is :NH₂ (the ammonia group after losing one hydrogen atom and attaching to the ring). **Summary:** The substitution reaction replaces the bromine atom on the cyclobutane ring with an ammonia group through a nucleophilic substitution mechanism, resulting in a cyclobutane ring with an :NH₂ group. **Educational Note:** Understanding nucleophilic substitution reactions is fundamental in organic chemistry, as these processes are commonly involved in synthesizing various chemical compounds. Analyzing the mechanism helps in predicting the structure of the reaction product.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Determining the Product(s) of a Substitution Reaction** **Objective:** Identify the product(s) of the given substitution reaction. **Reaction Description:** The provided reaction involves a cyclobutane ring substituted with a bromine atom and an ethyl group. The cyclobutane has a bromine (Br) substituent, which is depicted leaving the molecule. The nucleophile for this substitution reaction is ammonia (NH₃). Diagram Description: - A cyclobutane ring is shown with a wedge for the ethyl group and a dash for the bromine atom, indicating their positions in a three-dimensional space. - An arrow points from this structure towards NH₃, indicating that NH₃ is acting as a nucleophile in the reaction. **Mechanism Outline:** 1. **Nucleophilic Attack:** - The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom in NH₃ attacks the carbon atom bonded to the bromine atom. 2. **Leaving Group Departure:** - The bromine atom leaves the cyclobutane ring, carrying with it the electrons that were shared with the carbon atom. **Expected Product:** - A cyclobutane ring where the original bromine substituent has been replaced by an ammonia substituent. **Detailed Product Structure:** - The cyclobutane ring maintains its structure. - The new substituent on the ring is :NH₂ (the ammonia group after losing one hydrogen atom and attaching to the ring). **Summary:** The substitution reaction replaces the bromine atom on the cyclobutane ring with an ammonia group through a nucleophilic substitution mechanism, resulting in a cyclobutane ring with an :NH₂ group. **Educational Note:** Understanding nucleophilic substitution reactions is fundamental in organic chemistry, as these processes are commonly involved in synthesizing various chemical compounds. Analyzing the mechanism helps in predicting the structure of the reaction product.
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