Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
![118
Indirect Sampling
If populations are small and easily recognized they may be
monitored directly quite easily. However, direct measurement of
elusive, easily disturbed, or widely dispersed populations is not
always feasible. In these cases, indirect methods can be used
to assess population abundance, provide information on habitat
use and range, and enable biologists to link habitat quality to
species presence or absence. Indirect sampling methods provide
less reliable measures of abundance than direct sampling
INFORMATION NEEDED FOR THE FROG
CENSUS
When you
calling
t
gs you recorted ( post you made the recordings and
Tohearers
Observers
Name
Contact Addres
Peet Cinde
Telephone Home,
Wwork/Mobile
De You Want to be the next year? Onde
Location Description (Ty to provide ough data to enten to find of
A
Date of Observation jagat
Time Range of Observation
(30-8.40 pm)
Na pr
Recording a date and accurate
map reference is important
Population estimates are based on
the number of frog calls recorded
by the observer
SUF
Electronics
BATBOX I
HABITAT ASSESSMENT
bat Type de
reservoir
Comments
To sample nocturnal, highly mobile species, e.g.
bats, electronic devices, such as the bat detector
above, can be used to estimate population
density. In this case, the detector is tuned to the
particular frequency of the hunting clicks emitted
by specific bat species. The number of calls
recorded per unit time can be used to estimate
numbers per area.
Pse e para torch WATER QUALITY and WEATHER
sation the main OLD
CRCLE to indicate the motion of the shey can dire more than one choice)
1944 1906 1900 107
condition
Grid Reference of Location and Type of Map Used:
on Street Directory Reference
Page Numben,
Flowing only Foung Quy
de
Pulved Fry Cly
P
Year and Son
Nearest
War Appearan
May
Weather Conditions 1. Windy
Clear
pond da
wand
methods, such as mark and recapture, but are widely used
using these to assess population abundance. In Australia, the
nevertheless. They rely on recording the signs of a species, e.g.
scat, calls, tracks, and rubbings or markings on vegetation, and
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides a Frog Census
Datasheet (below) on which volunteers record details about frog
populations and habitat quality in their area. This programme
enables the EPA to gather information across Australia.
e
65
p
www3
you How you are antage vi via postaja baa jogur
POD 0 Mr Peter Goonan Environment Protection A
PEPLY PAID
ADELAIDE SA 8001. We
know the mats of your dings
1. We will identify your frog calls and yo
fing
Office use only. Please leave blank.
EROG SPECIES PRESENT.
especies 2 Arnierenden Mom
We
w
Over/Race Rains/Dry indicate for 1 AND 2
FROGS HEARD CALLING
Please indicate your animale of how many frogs you heard calling
NOTE & is very important to sell unif you heard frog
Mumber of Cats Hard
More One For (2) Mary (10-50 La
you want to test your frag knowledge wite the species you heard calling
of Fragts iden
Comments
SERGE
MERCEDA SAGLAT
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AGENCY
ENVIRONMENT HERITAGE AND ABORIGINAL AFFAIRS
The analysis of animal tracks allows wildlife
biologists to identify habitats in which animals live
and to conduct population surveys. Interpreting
tracks accurately requires considerable skill
as tracks may vary in appearance even when
from the same individual. Tracks are particularly
useful as a way to determine habitat use and
preference.
m
Wambar scat
All animals leave scats (feces) which are species
specific and readily identifiable. Scats can be
a valuable tool by which to gather data from
elusive, nocturnal, easily disturbed, or highly
mobile species. Fecal analyses can provide
information on diet, movements, population
density, sex ratios, age structure, and even
genetic diversity.
1. (a) Describe the kind of information that could be gathered from the Frog Census Datasheet:
(b) Identify the benefits of linking a measure of abundance to habitat assessment:
S
2. Describe one other indirect method of population sampling and outline its advantages and drawbacks:](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F44aa7e54-04ed-46b6-8f2d-dc692a8fd24d%2F040d8df8-cfcb-4fb0-beb1-50a2377a97fb%2F1kw7mdh_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![](/static/compass_v2/shared-icons/check-mark.png)
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
![Blurred answer](/static/compass_v2/solution-images/blurred-answer.jpg)
![Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780134580999/9780134580999_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Biology 2e](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781947172517/9781947172517_coverImage_Textbooks.gif)
![Anatomy & Physiology](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259398629/9781259398629_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780134580999/9780134580999_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Biology 2e](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781947172517/9781947172517_coverImage_Textbooks.gif)
![Anatomy & Physiology](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259398629/9781259398629_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780815344322/9780815344322_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781260159363/9781260159363_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781260231700/9781260231700_smallCoverImage.gif)