Describe each of the following nebulae and how they can be observed: HIl region Cold hydrogen gas Dust clouds
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![Describe each of the following nebulae and how they can be observed:
HIlI region
Cold hydrogen gas
Dust clouds](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F8c35567e-5a8e-4edb-8a66-66d161b7f95c%2F26be60a4-e657-4e74-82c0-6e2e03c22e46%2Fyuh9zcj_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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- Based on what you know about the interactions between stars and other interstellar media, select all of the correct statements from the following list. -Coronal gas is ejected from supernova explosions. -Clouds of neutral hydrogen have masses of hundreds of solar masses. -The intercloud medium is cool.Much interstellar dust comes from stellar atmospheres. -Molecular clouds are where stars are born. -Molecular clouds are of very low density; ultraviolet photons permeate the cloud to break up all molecules.Why are interstellar lines so narrow?describe the characteristics of the various kinds of interstellar gas (HII regions, neutral hydrogen clouds, ultra-hot gas clouds, and molecular clouds).
- What determines the mass distribution of forming stars, the initial mass function (IMF)?What temperature would interstellar dust have to have to radiate most strongly at 100 micro meter?Suppose a planetary nebula is 4.3 pc in diameter, and Doppler shifts in its spectrum show that the planetary nebula is expanding at 31 km/s. How old is the planetary nebula? (Note: 1 pc = 3.1 ✕ 1013 km and 1 yr = 3.2 ✕ 107 s.)
- Order the following statements so that they make sense according to star birth stages 1.At this stage, energy moves to the surface primarily through convection. At the end of this stage, the photosphere's temperature can reach 3,000K 2.In this stage, nuclear fusion starts and the energy transport mechanism switches from convection to radiative diffusion 3.In this stage, nuclear fusion rate is high enough to balance out the rate of radiative energy escape the surface 4.During this stage, gravitational contraction causes its luminosity to decrease because the protostar gets smaller while its surface temperature stays the same1) a) Calculate the Jeans length for the dense core of a giant molecular cloud with T=10 K, n = 1010/m³, and µ=2. b) Estimate the adiabatic sound speed for this core, using y=5/3. c) Use this speed to find the amount of time required for a sound wave to cross the cloud t3=2Rj/vs. d) Compare your answer with the free-fall scale and comment your results.(a) Rank the following components of the interstellar medium in order of the wavelengths at which they are observed, longest wavelength first: clouds of neutral hydrogen, coronal gas, interstellar dust, nebulae. Longest to Shortest? (b) Rank the same material in order of decreasing temperature from hottest to coolest. Hottest to Coolest?
- How do the spectra of H II regions differ from the spectra of reflection nebulae? Why?List the following 5 terms in order through a stars life cycle (starting with the sun), through the remainder of its lifetime: a. Black dwarf b. Planetary nebula c. Red giant d. Star (Sun) e. White dwarfThe microlensing technique for detecting extrasolar planets involves obtaining OBSERVING brightness measurements of a star and identifying brief, periodic dips in its brightness infrared images of a planet with the light from its host star blocked out a spectrum of a star and identifying periodic wavelength shifts in its features brightness measurements of a star and identifying a brief magnification in its brightness a spectrum of an extrasolar planet and identifying elements and compounds present in its atmosphere