Demographic - Level Demographic - Level Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent UG Observed N 262 Expected N 277.1 Residual -15.1 Chi-Square Valid Undergrad 262 60.0 60.5 60.5 Grad 171 155.9 15.1 df Graduate 171 39.1 39.5 100.0 Total 433 Asymp. Sig. Test Statistics Demographic Gender 2.292a 1 .130 Total 433 99.1 100.0 Missing System 4 .9 a. O cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell Total 437 100.0 Demographic - Gender Demographic - Gender Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid Female 271 62.0 62.6 62.6 Female Male Observed N 271 Expected N 285.8 Residual -14.8 Chi-Square 114 86.6 27.4 Male 114 26.1 26.3 88.9 df Nonbinary 48 11.0 11.1 100.0 Nonbinary Total 48 60.6 -12.6 Asymp. Sig. frequency is 155.9. Test Statistics Demographic - Traditional / Nontraditional 12.061a 2 .002 433 Total 433 99.1 100.0 Missing System 4 .9 a. O cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 60.6. Total 437 100.0 Demographic - Race/Ethnicity Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent African American Valid African American 104 23.8 24.1 24.1 Caucasian Caucasian 289 66.1 67.1 91.2 Other Other 38 8.7 8.8 100.0 Total Total 431 98.6 100.0 Missing System 6 1.4 Total 437 100.0 Valid Demographic - Race/Ethnicity Observed N 104 Expected N 107.8 Residual -3.8 Chi-Square 289 284.5 4.5 df 38 38.8 -.8 Asymp. Sig. 431 Demographic - Full Time/Part Time Test Statistics Demographic - Race/ Ethnicity .219a 2 .896 a. O cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 38.8. Test Statistics Demographic - Full Time/Part Time Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Full-Time 288 65.9 66.5 Part-Time Total 145 33.2 33.5 66.5 100.0 Full-Time Part-Time Total Observed N 288 145 Expected N 272.8 160.2 Residual Demographic Full Time/Part Time 15.2 -15.2 Chi-Square 433 433 99.1 100.0 Missing Total System 4 .9 df Asymp. Sig. 2.292a 1 .130 a. O cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 160.2. 437 100.0 Arts & Sciences Business Administration Education Health Sciences Total Missing System Total Demographic - College Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Arts & Sciences 122 27.9 28.3 28.3 Business Administration 140 32.0 32.5 60.8 112 25.6 26.0 86.8 Education 57 13.0 13.2 100.0 Health Sciences 431 98.6 100.0 Total 6 1.4 437 100.0 Test Statistics Demographic - College 14.667a 3 Demographic - College Observed N 122 Expected N 146.5 Residual -24.5 Chi-Square 140 107.8 32.3 df 112 112.1 .0 Asymp. Sig. 57 64.6 -7.6 431 .002 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 64.7.

Demographic - Level Demographic - Level Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent UG Observed N 262 Expected N 277.1 Residual -15.1 Chi-Square Valid Undergrad 262 60.0 60.5 60.5 Grad 171 155.9 15.1 df Graduate 171 39.1 39.5 100.0 Total 433 Asymp. Sig. Test Statistics Demographic Gender 2.292a 1 .130 Total 433 99.1 100.0 Missing System 4 .9 a. O cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell Total 437 100.0 Demographic - Gender Demographic - Gender Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Valid Female 271 62.0 62.6 62.6 Female Male Observed N 271 Expected N 285.8 Residual -14.8 Chi-Square 114 86.6 27.4 Male 114 26.1 26.3 88.9 df Nonbinary 48 11.0 11.1 100.0 Nonbinary Total 48 60.6 -12.6 Asymp. Sig. frequency is 155.9. Test Statistics Demographic - Traditional / Nontraditional 12.061a 2 .002 433 Total 433 99.1 100.0 Missing System 4 .9 a. O cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 60.6. Total 437 100.0 Demographic - Race/Ethnicity Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent African American Valid African American 104 23.8 24.1 24.1 Caucasian Caucasian 289 66.1 67.1 91.2 Other Other 38 8.7 8.8 100.0 Total Total 431 98.6 100.0 Missing System 6 1.4 Total 437 100.0 Valid Demographic - Race/Ethnicity Observed N 104 Expected N 107.8 Residual -3.8 Chi-Square 289 284.5 4.5 df 38 38.8 -.8 Asymp. Sig. 431 Demographic - Full Time/Part Time Test Statistics Demographic - Race/ Ethnicity .219a 2 .896 a. O cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 38.8. Test Statistics Demographic - Full Time/Part Time Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Full-Time 288 65.9 66.5 Part-Time Total 145 33.2 33.5 66.5 100.0 Full-Time Part-Time Total Observed N 288 145 Expected N 272.8 160.2 Residual Demographic Full Time/Part Time 15.2 -15.2 Chi-Square 433 433 99.1 100.0 Missing Total System 4 .9 df Asymp. Sig. 2.292a 1 .130 a. O cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 160.2. 437 100.0 Arts & Sciences Business Administration Education Health Sciences Total Missing System Total Demographic - College Cumulative Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent Arts & Sciences 122 27.9 28.3 28.3 Business Administration 140 32.0 32.5 60.8 112 25.6 26.0 86.8 Education 57 13.0 13.2 100.0 Health Sciences 431 98.6 100.0 Total 6 1.4 437 100.0 Test Statistics Demographic - College 14.667a 3 Demographic - College Observed N 122 Expected N 146.5 Residual -24.5 Chi-Square 140 107.8 32.3 df 112 112.1 .0 Asymp. Sig. 57 64.6 -7.6 431 .002 a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is 64.7.

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018

18th Edition

ISBN:9780079039897

Author:Carter

Publisher:Carter

Chapter10: Statistics

Section10.5: Comparing Sets Of Data

Problem 1GP

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Related questions

Question

A marketing professor has surveyed the students at her university to better understand attitudes towards PPT usage for higher education. To be able to make inferences to the entire student body, the sample drawn needs to represent the university’s student population on all key characteristics. The table below shows the five key student demographic variables. The professor found the breakdown of the overall student body in the university’s fact book posted online.

A non-parametric chi-square test was used to test the sample demographics against the population percentages shown in the table above. Review the output for the five chi-square tests on the following pages and answer the five questions:

Based on the chi-square test, which sample variables adequately represent the university’s student population and which ones do not? Support your answer by providing the p-value of the chi-square test and explaining what it means.

Using the results from Question 1, make recommendation for adjusting the sample. For example, which categories have too many respondents and which ones do not have enough? What should the researcher do?

Based on the five chi-square tests, is the sample representative of the student population? Why or why not? Can the professor make inferences to the student population about the use of PowerPoints slides by students? Why or why not?

Can the professor make inferences to college students in general, i.e. for all college students in the United States? Why or why not?

Are any important population characteristics missing from this study? If so, what are they? Why do you feel they would be relevant?

Demographic - Level
Demographic - Level
Cumulative
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
UG
Observed N
262
Expected N
277.1
Residual
-15.1
Chi-Square
Valid
Undergrad
262
60.0
60.5
60.5
Grad
171
155.9
15.1
df
Graduate
171
39.1
39.5
100.0
Total
433
Asymp. Sig.
Test Statistics
Demographic Gender
2.292a
1
.130
Total
433
99.1
100.0
Missing
System
4
.9
a. O cells (.0%) have expected frequencies
less than 5. The minimum expected cell
Total
437
100.0
Demographic - Gender
Demographic - Gender
Cumulative
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Valid
Female
271
62.0
62.6
62.6
Female
Male
Observed N
271
Expected N
285.8
Residual
-14.8
Chi-Square
114
86.6
27.4
Male
114
26.1
26.3
88.9
df
Nonbinary
48
11.0
11.1
100.0
Nonbinary
Total
48
60.6
-12.6
Asymp. Sig.
frequency is 155.9.
Test Statistics
Demographic - Traditional /
Nontraditional
12.061a
2
.002
433
Total
433
99.1
100.0
Missing
System
4
.9
a. O cells (.0%) have expected frequencies
less than 5. The minimum expected cell
frequency is 60.6.
Total
437
100.0
Demographic - Race/Ethnicity
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
African American
Valid
African American
104
23.8
24.1
24.1
Caucasian
Caucasian
289
66.1
67.1
91.2
Other
Other
38
8.7
8.8
100.0
Total
Total
431
98.6
100.0
Missing
System
6
1.4
Total
437
100.0
Valid
Demographic - Race/Ethnicity
Observed N
104
Expected N
107.8
Residual
-3.8
Chi-Square
289
284.5
4.5
df
38
38.8
-.8
Asymp. Sig.
431
Demographic - Full Time/Part Time
Test Statistics
Demographic - Race/
Ethnicity
.219a
2
.896
a. O cells (.0%) have expected frequencies
less than 5. The minimum expected cell
frequency is 38.8.
Test Statistics
Demographic - Full Time/Part Time
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Full-Time
288
65.9
66.5
Part-Time
Total
145
33.2
33.5
66.5
100.0
Full-Time
Part-Time
Total
Observed N
288
145
Expected N
272.8
160.2
Residual
Demographic Full
Time/Part Time
15.2
-15.2
Chi-Square
433
433
99.1
100.0
Missing
Total
System
4
.9
df
Asymp. Sig.
2.292a
1
.130
a. O cells (.0%) have expected
frequencies less than 5. The minimum
expected cell frequency is 160.2.
437
100.0
Arts & Sciences
Business Administration
Education
Health Sciences
Total
Missing
System
Total
Demographic - College
Cumulative
Frequency
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
Arts & Sciences
122
27.9
28.3
28.3
Business Administration
140
32.0
32.5
60.8
112
25.6
26.0
86.8
Education
57
13.0
13.2
100.0
Health Sciences
431
98.6
100.0
Total
6
1.4
437
100.0
Test Statistics
Demographic -
College
14.667a
3
Demographic - College
Observed N
122
Expected N
146.5
Residual
-24.5
Chi-Square
140
107.8
32.3
df
112
112.1
.0
Asymp. Sig.
57
64.6
-7.6
431
.002
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected
frequencies less than 5. The
minimum expected cell
frequency is 64.7.

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