13.44 Interactions in a children's museum. Refer to the Early Childhood Education Journal (Mar. 2014) study of inter- INTERACT actions in a children's museum, Exercise 13.19 (p. 781). Summary information for the 170 meaningful interactions sampled is reproduced in the following table. Do the pro- portions associated with the different types of interac- tions depend on whether the interaction was child-led or adult-led? Test, using a .01. Yes, x2 = 55.4 Type of Interaction Show-and-tell Refocusing Learning/Teaching Participatory Play Advocating/Disciplining Totals Child-Led Adult-Led 26 0 21 64 21 10 12 9 1 6 81 89
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- A sociologist wants to investigate the question, "Is there a relationship between texting during class and grade-point-average (GPA) among high school seniors in a large district?" Which study design is most appropriate? Before the semester starts, randomly select 40 seniors from each high school who do not text during class. Assign 20 to the texting treatment group (text three or more times during every class meeting) and 20 to the control group (no texting during class). At the end of the semester, obtain each student’s GPA from the appropriate admissions and records office. Compare the GPA of students who routinely text during class to the GPA of students who do not text during class. Before the semester starts, randomly select 40 seniors from each high school who do not text during class. Assign 20 to the texting treatment group (text three or more times during every class meeting) and 20 to the control group (no texting during class). At the end of the semester,…Let population 1 be drivers of age 25-34 and let population 2 be drivers of age 50-59. An insurance company collects data on seat-belt use among drivers in a country. Of 1900 drivers 25-34 years old, 19% said that they buckle up, whereas 487 of 1800 drivers 50-59 years old said that they did. At the 10% significance level, do the data suggest that there is a difference in seat-belt use between drivers 25-34 years old and those Use the two-proportions z-test to conduct the required hypothesis test. What are the hypotheses for this test? A.Upper H 0 : p 1 equals p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 greater than p 2 H0: p1=p2, Ha: p1>p2 B.Upper H 0 : p 1 not equals p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 equals p 2 H0: p1≠p2, Ha: p1=p2 C.Upper H 0 : p 1 equals p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1 not equals p 2 H0: p1=p2, Ha: p1≠p2 Your answer is correct. D.Upper H 0 : p 1 equals p 2 comma Upper H Subscript a Baseline : p 1…3. Does stress affect the recall ability of police witnesses? This issue was studied in an experiment that tested eyewitness memory a week after a nonstressful interrogation of a cooperative suspect and a stressful interrogation [the way of questioning] of an uncooperative suspect. The numbers of details recalled a week after the incident are summarized in the margin (based on data from "Eyewitness Memory of Police Trainees for Realistic Role Plays," by Yuille et al., Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 79, No. 6). Use 0.01 level of significance to test the claim in the article that stress decreased the amount recalled. Assume equal population variances. Nonstress Stress n1 = 40 X1 = 53.3 S1 = 11.6 n2 = 40 X2 = 45.3 S2 = 13.2 a. Claim (in symbolic form): Но: На: b. level of significance: test-statistic: tail of distribution:_ c. Decision Rule: Reject Ho if d. Computation e. Decision (Reject Ho or Failed to reject Ho) f. Conclusion
- 3. Does stress affect the recall ability of police witnesses? This issue was studied in an experiment that tested eyewitness memory a week after a nonstressful interrogation of a cooperative suspect and a stressful interrogation (the way of questioning] of an uncooperative suspect. The numbers of details recalled a week after the incident are summarized in the margin (based on data from "Eyewitness Memory of Police Trainees for Realistic Role Plays," by Yuille et al., Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 79, No. 6). Use 0.01 level of significance to test the claim in the article that stress decreased the amount recalled. Assume equal population variances. Nonstress Stress N1 = 40 X, = 53.3 n2 = 40 X2 = 45.3 S2 = 13.2 S1 = 11.6 a. Claim (in symbolic form): Но: На: b. level of significance: test-statistic: tail of distribution: c. Decision Rule: Reject Ho if d. Computation e. Decision (Reject Ho or Failed to reject Ho) f. ConclusionThe paper "Portable Social Groups: Willingness to Communicate, Interpersonal Communication Gratifications, and Cell Phone Use among Young Adults"+ describes a study of young adult cell phone use patterns. (a) Comment on the following quote from the paper. Do you agree with the authors? Seven sections of an Introduction to Mass Communication course at a large southern university were surveyed in the spring and fall of 2003. The sample was chosen because it offered an excellent representation of the population under study-young adults. O No, the sample doesn't offer a good representation of young adults because it consisted only of students taking one particular course at one particular university. O No, the sample doesn't offer a good representation of young adults because it consisted of students from fewer than ten sections of the course. O Yes, the sample does offer a good representation of young adults because the university is large and students were sampled in both the spring and…Phonics is an instructional method in which children are taught to connect sounds with letters or groups of letters. The article “Predictive Accuracy of Nonsense Word Fluency for English Language Learners” (M. Vanderwood, D. Linklater, and K. Healy, School Psychology Review, 2008:5–17) reports that in a sample of 134 English-learning students, the correlation between the score on a phonics test given in first grade and a reading comprehension given in third grade was r = 0.25. Can you conclude that there is a positive correlation between phonics test score and the reading comprehension score?
- 4.46 Unemployment and relationship problems: A USA Today/Gallup poll conducted between 2010 and 2011 asked a group of unemployed and underemployed Americans if they have had major problems in their relationships with their spouse or another close family member as a result of not having a job (if unemployed) or not having a full-time job (if underemployed). 27% of the 1,145 unemployed respondents and 25% of the 675 underemployed respondents said they had major problems in relationships as a result of their employment status.(a) What are the hypotheses for evaluating if the proportions of unemployed and underemployed people who had relationship problems were different? (. )Ho: punemployed = punderemployed Ha: punemployed ≠ punderemployed (. )Ho: punemployed = punderemployed Ha: punemployed > punderemployed (. )Ho: punemployed = punderemployed Ha: punemployed < punderemployed (b) The p-value for this hypothesis…Read the scenario below to determine which one of the threats to external validity (interaction between treatment and selection, interaction between treatment and location or interaction between treatment and history [time]) is of most concern. During the academic school year of 2019-2020 researchers completed a study on the impact of early childhood education on the social development of children in the United States. The researchers randomly selected programs in the county where they were employed to participate in the program. A. Interaction of the treatment and selection B. Interaction of the treatment and location C. Interaction of the treatment and historyDoes stress affect the recall ability of police witnesses? This issue was studied in an experiment that tested eyewitness memory a week after a nonstressful interrogation of a cooperative suspect and a stressful interrogation [the way of questioning] of an uncooperative suspect. The numbers of details recalled a week after the incident are summarized in the margin (based on data from "Eyewitness Memory of Police Trainees for Realistic Role Plays," by Yuille et al., Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 79, No. 6). Use 0.01 level of significance to test the daim in the artidle that stress decreased the amount recalled. Assume equal population variances. Nonstress Stress n = 40 X= 53.3 n2 = 40 = 45.3 S, = 13,2 S = 11.6 a. Claim (in symbolic form): Ho: На: b. level of significance: test-statistic: tail of distribution: c. Decision Rule: Reject Ho if d. Computation e. Decision (Reject Ho or Failed to reject Ho) f. Conclusion
- The article "Display of Health Risk Behaviors on MySpace by Adolescents"+ described a study in which researchers looked at a random sample of 500 publicly accessible MySpace web profiles posted by 18-year-olds. The content of each profile was analyzed. One of the conclusions reported was that displaying sport or hobby involvement was associated with decreased references to risky behavior (sexual references or references to substance abuse or violence). (a) Is the study described an observational study or an experiment? an observational study an experiment (b) Is it reasonable to generalize the stated conclusion to all 18-year-olds with a publicly accessible MySpace web profile? What aspect of the study supports your answer? No, it is not reasonable to generalize the stated conclusion since the study didn't include all 18-year-olds on MySpace. No, it is not reasonable to generalize the stated conclusion since the study was an experiment and you cannot generalize conclusions to…6.36 Diabetes and unemployment: A 2012 Gallup poll surveyed Americans about their employment status and whether or not they have diabetes. The survey results indicate that 1.5% of the 47,774 employed (full or part time) and 2.5% of the 5,855 unemployed 18-29 year olds have diabetes.(a) Create a two-way table presenting the results of this study. Diabetes No Diabetes Employed Unemployed (b) State appropriate hypotheses to test for independence of incidence of diabetes and employment status. H0: μdiabetes=μemployedHa: μdiabetes ≠ μemployed H0: Diabetes status and employment status are dependentHa: Diabetes status and employment status are not dependent H0: Diabetes status and employment status are independentHa: Diabetes status and employment status are not independent (c) The sample difference is about 1%. If we completed the hypothesis test, we would find that the p-value is very small (about 0), meaning the difference is statistically significant. Use this…6.36 Diabetes and unemployment: A 2012 Gallup poll surveyed Americans about their employment status and whether or not they have diabetes. The survey results indicate that 1.5% of the 47,774 employed (full or part time) and 2.5% of the 5,855 unemployed 18-29 year olds have diabetes. (a) Create a two-way table presenting the results of this study. Diabetes No Diabetes Employed Unemployed (b) State appropriate hypotheses to test for independence of incidence of diabetes and employment status. O Ho: Diabetes status and employment status are dependent Hạ: Diabetes status and employment status are not dependent O Họ: Pdiabetes-Hemployed Hạ: Pdiabetes * Hemployed O Họ: Diabetes status and employment status are independent Hạ: Diabetes status and employment status are not independent (c) The sample difference is about 1%. If we completed the hypothesis test, we would find that the p-value is very small (about 0), meaning the difference is statistically significant. Use this result to explain…
