Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
- Define substrate level phosphorylation. How does 1,3-bisphosphglycerate relate to substrate level phosphorylation?
Introduction:
Substrate-level phosphorylation is a mechanism of ATP formation. there is transfer of a phosphoryl group from a substrate to ADP or GDP to produce ATP or GTP along with the release of free energy. Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix. Both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle use this kind of phosphorylation. Substrate-level phosphorylation takes place twice in glycolysis.
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