define post traumatic stress disorder. -what are common features associated with post traumatic stress disorder? -explain traumatic play and the diagnosis of post traumatic stress disorder in children. -describe various treatment models for post traumatic stress disorder (biological and psychological
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder, generate from either experiencing a fearful or distressing life events or by witnessing it .Threatening situation which is catastrophic in nature like natural or manmade disaster, witnessing the terrific death of others, rape, torture or other crimes. In PTSD, the terrific incidents that come across in one's life will trigger severe anxiety for either a short or long period of time, which alters their normal life scenario.
The common features or symptoms associated with PTSD are as follows,
- Repeated reliving of the incident or flashbacks as it happens at present
- Nightmares are related to the trauma and disturbed sleep that lead to insomnia.
- They will show blunted emotions, which means they have limited reactions and form a sense of numbness which results in detachment from others.
- They used to avoid situations and activities related to past events.
- Irresponsibilities towards their surroundings
- physical distress
- Presence of anhedonia- unable to experience the enjoyable or pleasurable moments.
- Acute bursting out of anger and fear due to a sudden recollection of the event
- Anxiety and depression are commonly associated with PTSD.
- Overusing alcohol or drugs will induce complications.
Children with PTSD exhibit powerful emotions and long-lasting physical reactions that may be caused by traumatic situations. Children may experience panic, helplessness, or terror in addition to physiological symptoms such as heart palpitations, vomiting, or loss of bowel or bladder control. Children frequently experience bad thoughts, nightmares, and lack of sleep during this period.
Treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
A complete cure is quite difficult for PTSD, but an effective management of symptoms is possible, which takes a person's day-to-day functions back to normal. Along with psychotherapy, medications are also provided during the treatment of PTSD. The major psychotherapy treatment modules are as follows:
- Cognitive therapy is an effective method for people with PTSD to cope with the negative thoughts associated with their traumatic events. Their irrational and false believes, anticipatory anxiety can be converted more rational and realistic in nature.
- Exposure therapy: This therapy is extremely helpful for reducing flashbacks and nightmares in patients. Patients are exposed to proper guidance and relaxation techniques in order to face reality and cope with its aftereffects.
- Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Through a sequence of guided eye movements, exposure therapy and EMDR work together to help you process painful memories and alter how you respond to them.
- Stress management: With the help of a therapist, it is possible to manage the stress by using many techniques.
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