Define Ferghana
Q: Give an example of an “emerging” contaminant.
A: Contaminants are any biotic or abiotic factors or substances that degrade the quality of other…
Q: give at least guidelines of each of the Biosafety Levels, and identify the microorganisms considered…
A: Answer: Biosafety levels (BSL) : Biosafety levels are the protection levels, used in the…
Q: Describe in detail the four steps of industrial product production from microbes.
A: Microbes are first used to create industrial products in a fermentor in a lab. It is a tool that…
Q: Identify physical and chemical methods used for foodpreservation. How does each method limit growth…
A: Food items are highly prone to spoilage due to various types of microbial actions. The components of…
Q: Describe a fermentor and explain how it is scaled up for industrial use.
A: The fermentation is a biochemical process in which nutrients are converted into a useful product by…
Q: Give examples of mesophilic and thermophilic spore formers of concern in the food industry.
A: One of the main concern of the food industry is the microbial contamination.
Q: Describe nitrogen fi xation, ammonifi cation, nitrifi cation, and denitrifi cation and how microbes…
A: The process of reduction of molecular nitrogen into ammonia is called nitrogen fixation. It can…
Q: Give 5 examples of microorganisms that may be grown in Nutrient Broth.
A: Nutrient Broth: A pool of medium preferred to cultivate variant speedy and non-speedy…
Q: List the major gases and describe microbial requirements for thesegases.
A: Microbial growth can be defined as the increase in the cell size of a single micro-organism. It can…
Q: Explain why TSIA is a suitable medium for identifying enteric bacteria. To do this you will have to…
A: Enteric bacteria are those bacteria which are present in intestines and can be either gut flora or…
Q: Sketch graphs expected for the Product concentration Vs substrate concentration.
A: Enzymes can be defined as proteins that help to speed up the metabolism. They basically act as…
Q: List the five major nutrient categories. Note important sources and main cellular uses.
A: Introduction: Food is a complex mixture of various substances which aids in: The production of…
Q: Account for the inability of aerobes to grow in the absence of O2
A: Aerobes require oxygen and cannot perform their metabolic processes in the absence of oxygen. These…
Q: Toxic byproducts are made by some organisms that use oxygen for metabolism. true/ false
A: Cellular respiration is the process by which glucose molecules are broken down in the presence of…
Q: What are the sources of contaminants in food? What group of microorganisms is the most common food…
A: Food contamination alludes to the presence of unsafe synthetic chemicals & microorganisms in…
Q: Explain the stages of the beer production: Malting Milling Mashing Boiling Fermenting Packinging
A: In order to make beer, you need grains, usually malted barley, hops, yeast, as well as and water.
Q: Nitrogen fixation is carried out by.
A: Nitrogen fixation is a process in which atmospheric nitrogen is fixed into plant roots by the…
Q: list some examples of broth media
A: Broth media are liquid nutrient media used for preparing inoculums of microorganisms. They contain…
Q: Imbibition is purely a physical process. What does this statement mean?
A: Imbibition is defined as a process in which water is absorbed by the hydrophilic surface of a…
Q: Name the most common indicator of fecal contamination in water?
A: Indicator organisms are those bacteria or other microbes that are indicator in particular situations…
Q: What does the term alkaline reserve refer to and what is its role?
A: The term alkaline refers to any solution which has a pH which is above 7 (neutral). Alkaline…
Q: Outline the design rules of a fermenter and explain why each is important.
A: Fermenters refer to the vessels used for growing microbes on an industrial scale. This is an…
Q: Define Non-biodegradable-
A: Waste can be defined as any substance that is unwanted or unusable. Environmental wastes can be…
Q: Why only specific microbes are selected to produce the fermented products?
A: Fermentation refers to “partial oxidation” of sugars by microbes using the organic molecule to…
Q: Draw two diagrams, one showing what enzymes and products are produced when GLN is high and one when…
A: Gln in question stand for Glutamine. Glutamine is an amino-acid exist in L-form like other amino…
Q: (ii)Briefly discuss the ethical and legal implications of disposing of industrial waste in this…
A: Untreated industrial wastes are very hazardous and pollute the environment. Various abatement…
Q: Name three food products produced with the aid of microorganisms.
A: Microorganisms is used by nature to carry out fermentation process. Mankind have been using yeasts,…
Q: Classify each of the following organic nutrients based on the descriptions provided. Answers may be…
A: ANSWER : Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Vitamins Minerals Water Fiber Proteins -…
Q: Explain how microbes used in the production of fermented products such as beer, cheese, and pickles.
A: Food products contain many varieties of microbes transmitted either through the soil, plants,…
Q: Identify the three nitrogenous waste products, and describe the fate of each.
A: The three nitrogenous waste products are urea, ammonia, and uric acid. Urea: It is excreted from the…
Q: why do we need positive nitrogen balance when recovering from illnes
A: Positive nitrogen balance: When intake of nitrogen is greater than that of loss of nitrogen ,it is…
Q: Which percentage of medical waste is infectious or hazardous? A) 25% B)50% C)75% D) 85%
A: Medical wastes are wastes that are generated by healthcare activities that put people at increased…
Q: Differentiate between biomass digestion and biomass fermentation. (Any two points)
A: Fermentation and anaerobic digestion are two biological conversion processes of biomass.
Q: Please explain how Km differs from Vmax in enzymology.
A: The maximum rate of reaction, Vmax, is the rate of reaction when the enzyme is saturated with…
Q: Describe the major ways that microbes are involved with food.
A: In the living world, we see a large number of microorganisms, animals and plants. These organisms…
Q: describe what happens to any undigested food or waste products.
A: Digestion is a process whereby the large insoluble food compounds are broken down into small water…
Q: Why are anaerobic microbes important for making food?
A: they are the organism that does not require oxygen for their metabolic activity in anaerobic…
Define Ferghana
Uzbekistan, which is officially known as the Republic of Uzbekistan is a country that lies in Central Asia. This country lies majorly between the ancient Jaxartes River and the ancient Oxus River. Today, these rivers are known as the Syr Darya and Amy Darya respectively. The Syr Darya lies to the northeast of Uzbekistan and Amy Darya lies to the southwest. Uzbekistan shares its boundaries with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.
It also shares its boundaries with Afghanistan and Turkmenistan that lie to its south and southwest respectively. The autonomous republic of Karakalpakstan is situated in the western third of Uzbekistan. The government of the USSR had set up the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic as its Union Republic. But in 1991, Uzbekistan announced its independence.
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