Define complement cascade

Q: Describe how the complement system works, and list 3 effects that complement activation has.

A: An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large Y-shaped protein produced by…

Q: Does the complement system work in more than one way?

A: The complement system is considered as a heat-labile element of normal plasma causing the…

Q: Which of the following is not a consequence of activation of the complement system? Select one: a.…

A: The immune system of the body can help in preventing various diseases as well as in repairing any…

Q: Explain classical complement pathway?

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…

Q: All of the following are involved in the alternative pathway of complement activation except _____.…

A: The alternative pathway is one of three complement pathways that opsonize and kill pathogens. The…

Q: . Summarize three major functions of the complement system

A: Complement system is defined as the  part of immune system which deals with the enhancement of the…

Q: Contrast the pathways of complement activation.

A: The complement system consists of about thirty serum proteins and also some cell surface…

Q: What are the three most important products of the complement system?

A: Complement system : It is also known as complement cascade and is a part of the immune system.…

Q: Explain why an inherited deficiency in complement components C3 or C4 can result in less efficient…

A: Complement component 3 deficiency is a rare genetic primary immunodeficiency characterised by…

Q: Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement. Which of the…

A: In the complement system, complement is the protein molecules. The complement system is part of the…

Q: Define the key components that make up the innate immune system (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils,…

A: A key component of the innate immune system- Macrophage- Derived from blood monocyte and are…

Q: Describe the complement system and explain its functions.

A: The complement system is a part of our immune system that complements the abilities of antibodies…

Q: Explain Activation of the Complement System?

A: The activation of complement results in a variety of biological consequences which can result in…

Q: What is a PAMP an example of?     Dendritic cell Complement Antibody Antigen

A: Need to find the example of PAMP (Pathogen-associated molecular patterns)

Q: What is meant by complement fixation? What are cytolysins?

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…

Q: What triggers the alternative pathway for complement activation?

A: Complementation is a phenomenon that is observed in our immune system which increases the ability…

Q: Complement activation: (a) stimulates inflammation. (b) attracts phagocytes.(c) enhances…

A: The complement system is a collection of more than 20 proteins found in the blood and tissue fluids…

Q: Explain the steps in the alternative complement pathway at a single site.

A: Complement is a component of the innate immune system that plays a role in leukocyte opsonization,…

Q: What clinical symptoms can an inherited deficiency in complement components C3 or C4 lead to?

A: Introduction: There are three primary pathways in the complement cascade, each of which is activated…

Q: Identify the  general activities of phagocytes.

A: Answer: Introduction: Endocytosis is a type of active transport that is used to take large molecules…

Q: Which of the following is not a consequence of activation of the complement system? Select one: a.…

A: Activation of the complement system cause increase and efficient proteolytic cascades that end in…

Q: Name and explain the three outcomes after complement activation.

A: Three outcomes after complement fixation are:- 1)cell lysis- It occurs after insertion of membrane…

Q: What are 3 functions of the classical complement pathway

A: Answer: Introduction: The complement system, (Complement= protein) also called as complement…

Q: Describe the general actions of the complement system.

A: Introduction: The complement system is a part of the innate immune system and is involved in…

Q: Distinguish between alternative complement pathway and Lectin pathway.

A: Introduction: Complement proteins: A system of plasma proteins that can be activated directly by…

Q: Why does complement only rarely kill host cells?

A: There are three complement system activation pathways: classical, alternative, lectin main steps…

Q: Describe the initiation and activation of classical complement pathway.

A: Compliments are a group of thermo labile  enzymetic proteins found in the serum and body fluid and…

Q: These antibodies are capable of stimulating complement, causing type II

A: An antibody (Ab), otherwise called an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a huge, Y-formed protein utilized by…

Q: A(n) _____ is an inactive form of an enzyme that frequently participates in a cascade of enzymatic…

A: An enzyme is a catalytic molecule that increases the rate of a reaction without getting used up in…

Q: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a disease characterized by lysis of red blood cells, which…

A: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. It is a rare disease that is caused by a mutation in bone…

Q: Describe these 2nd Line of Defenses Inflammation phagocytosis complement system fever Interferons

A: Immunity relates to the capability of the body to prevent infections from occurring. A pathogen is…

Q: Describe the control of the alternate pathway of complement activation.

A: Complement system is made up of large number of proteins that are present in the plasma. Complement…

Q: Why is complement low in lupus

A: Lupus also known as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a long-term, incurable autoimmune disease…

Q: Describe the antiviral functions of type I interferon.

A: Type I interferons are a subgroup of interferon proteins which aids in regulating the activities of…

Q: What is the only known effect of deficiencies in complement components C5–C9? Explain this effect.

A: Introduction: The innate humoral immune system relies heavily on the complement system. The…

Q: The classical complement pathway involves activation of the complement proteins in which of the…

A: Complement system is a cascade that assists the antibodies and phagocytes to clear off…

Q: Briefly describe the inflammatory response process.

A: Inflammatory is a process in which white blood cells of the body and the substance produced by them…

Q: Explain why IgM cannot activate complement by itself.

A: Antibodies which are also known as immunoglobulins are large Y shaped blood proteins produced by the…

Q: Briefly explain the four stages of Complement Cascade.

A: The immune system is the portion of the body responsible for fighting against infections. They…

Q: Which of the following are opsonins? Group of answer choices interleukins histamine oleic acid…

A: Opsonization Itvrefered to the capacity of the antibodies and the complement components to coat the…

Q: Which of the following is the end product of the complement system?a. properdin b. cascade reaction…

A: The complement system helps antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens, it consists of a…

Q: Different between alternative complement pathway and Lectin pathway.

A: The immune system of the body is accountable for possessing two types of response which are innate…

Q: True/False: The C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway amplifies the overall magnitude…

A: The complement system is part of the body’s immune system. The complement system consists of…

Q: Describe the steps in the classical complement pathway making sure to include the three ways the…

A: In immunology, complement is a complicated system of around 30 proteins that work together to help…

Q: Inflammation/hematoma formation is

A: When blood vessels are damaged, a hematoma, or collection of clotted blood, forms at the site of the…

Q: Describe antigenic variation.

A: Antigenic variation or alteration refers to the mechanism by which an infectious agent such as a…

Q: Which of the following does not describe the outcome of complement activation? a. chemotaxis b.…

A: The complement system is a cascade that is a part of the immune system. The complement system…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.