Deep sea pipelines are used to transport oil and gas across large distances, at depths greater than 2km. The pipes are typically made from high grade steel plate (X80), which is bent, then seam welded to produce a section of pipe. During installation, sections of this pipe are welded together. In deep water, installation is usually conducted using the J-lay system. In the J-lay system, a string of pipe is hung from a barge, and allowed to fall to the sea floor, forming a J-shaped string. As the pipe is lowered, new sections are welded to the end of the string, and the barge moves forward. This system enables a good degree of accuracy in placing the pipe, and requires a less powerful ship than other laying systems. It does, however, place significant loads upon the pipe itself. mphen 2000m S min=400m Pipeline

Deep sea pipelines are used to transport oil and gas across large distances, at depths greater than 2km. The pipes are typically made from high grade steel plate (X80), which is bent, then seam welded to produce a section of pipe. During installation, sections of this pipe are welded together. In deep water, installation is usually conducted using the J-lay system. In the J-lay system, a string of pipe is hung from a barge, and allowed to fall to the sea floor, forming a J-shaped string. As the pipe is lowered, new sections are welded to the end of the string, and the barge moves forward. This system enables a good degree of accuracy in placing the pipe, and requires a less powerful ship than other laying systems. It does, however, place significant loads upon the pipe itself. mphen 2000m S min=400m Pipeline

Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning with these NEW titles from Engineering!)

8th Edition

ISBN:9781305387102

Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.

Publisher:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.

Chapter6: Forced Convection Over Exterior Surfaces

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6.1DP

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Time required for the welding in sec