Data Representation and Processing questions: Why is binary data representation and signaling the preferred method of computer hardware implementation? What is excess notation? What is twos complement notation? Why are they needed? In other words, why can’t integer values be represented by ordinary binary numbers? What is the numeric range of a 16-bit twos complement value? A 16-bit excess notation value? A 16-bit unsigned binary value? Why doesn’t a CPU evaluate the expression 'A' = 'a' as true? CPU Data Types questions: What primitive data types can normally be represented and processed by a CPU? What are the differences between ASCII and Unicode? What is overflow? What is underflow? How can the probability of their occurrence be minimized? Why might a programmer choose to represent a data item in IEEE binary128 floating-point format instead of IEEE binary64 floating-point format? What additional costs might be incurred at runtime (when the application program executes) as a result of using the 128-bit instead of the 64-bit format? Data Structure questions: What is a data structure? List several types of common data structures. What is an address? What is a pointer? What purpose are they used for?

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A: Please find the answer in below step:

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Computer Fundamentals

The computer is termed computation. For calculating or computing something the device that has been used is known as the computer. Or we can say that for performing a fast arithmetic operation the device that has been used is a computer. Storing, processing, and retrieving are the main features of a computer.