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Create the T-xy diagram:  Using vapor pressure data from Appendix B.4, prepare a complete T-xy diagram for the binary system ethylbenzene and o-xylene at a system pressure of 0.8 atm.  Be sure to show sufficient detail of your calculations (by hand, in an EXCEL spreadsheet, or in PolyMath).  Your T-xy diagram should have mole fractions of the more volatile component on the x-axis.  Roughly estimate how many equilibrium stages would be required in a distillation tower to achieve a distillate of 90% ethylbenzene, if one started with a feed mixture of 40% ethylbenzene / 60% o-xylene.

Create the T-xy diagram:  Using vapor pressure data from Appendix B.4, prepare a complete T-xy diagram for the binary system ethylbenzene and o-xylene at a system pressure of 0.8 atm.  Be sure to show sufficient detail of your calculations (by hand, in an EXCEL spreadsheet, or in PolyMath).  Your T-xy diagram should have mole fractions of the more volatile component on the x-axis.  Roughly estimate how many equilibrium stages would be required in a distillation tower to achieve a distillate of 90% ethylbenzene, if one started with a feed mixture of 40% ethylbenzene / 60% o-xylene.

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
8th Edition
ISBN:9781259696527
Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1P
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Create the T-xy diagram:  Using vapor pressure data from Appendix B.4, prepare a complete T-xy diagram for the binary system ethylbenzene and o-xylene at a system pressure of 0.8 atm.  Be sure to show sufficient detail of your calculations (by hand, in an EXCEL spreadsheet, or in PolyMath).  Your T-xy diagram should have mole fractions of the more volatile component on the x-axis.  Roughly estimate how many equilibrium stages would be required in a distillation tower to achieve a distillate of 90% ethylbenzene, if one started with a feed mixture of 40% ethylbenzene / 60% o-xylene.

TABLE B.4 (Continued) Compound Formula Range (°C) A B C Ethylene glycol Ethylene oxide 1,2-Ethylenediamine Formaldehyde Formic acid 50.0 to 200.0 203.454 C,H,O2 C,H,O CH&N2 8.09083 2088.936 0.3 to 31.8 8.69016 2005.779 334.765 26.5 to 117.4 7.16871 1336.235 194.366 НСНО - 109.4 to -22.3 7.19578 970.595 244.124 CH2O2 C;H§O3 n-C,H16 i-C;H16 CH14 n-C,H14 i-C,H14 C,H12 37.4 to 100.7 7.58178 1699.173 260.714 Glycerol п-Неptane i-Heptane 1-Heptene п-Нехаne 183.3 to 260.4 6.16501 1036.056 28.097 25.9 to 99.3 6.90253 1267.828 216.823 18.5 to 90.9 6.87689 1238.122 219.783 21.6 to 94.5 6.91381 1265.120 220.051 13.0 to 69.5 6.88555 1175.817 224.867 i-Нехane 12.8 to 61.1 6.86839 1151.401 228.477 1-Hexene 15.9 to 64.3 6.86880 1154.646 226.046 Hydrogen Cyanide HCN -16.4 to 46.2 7.52823 1329.49 260.418 CH3OH CH3OH C;H6O2 CH3B. CH3CI C,HsO C,H120 C;H3O2 CH;N CH14 Methanol 14.9 to 83.7 8.08097 1582.271 239.726 Methanol* -20 to 140 7.87863 1473.11 230.0 Methyl acetate Methyl bromide Methyl chloride Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl isobutyl ketone Methyl methacrylate Methylamine Methylcyclohexane Naphthalene Nitrobenzene 1.8 to 55.8 7.06524 1157.630 219.726 - 70.0 to 3.6 - 75.0 to 5.0 7.09084 1046.066 244.914 7.09349 948.582 249.336 42.8 to 88.4 7.06356 1261.339 221.969 21.7 to 116.2 6.67272 1168.408 191.944 39.2 to 89.2 8.40919 2050.467 274.369 -83.1 to -6.2 7.33690 1011.532 233.286 25.6 to 101.8 6.82827 1273.673 221.723 80.3 to 179.5 7.03358 1756.328 204.842 C,H5NO2 CH;NO, n-C,H20 C,H18 n-C3H18 i-C3H18 C3H16 n-C;H12 i-C;H12 C;H120 C;H10 C,H,O C;H3O C;H§O C,H,O2 C;H,O C;H;N 134.1 to 210.6 7.11562 1746.586 201.783 Nitromethane 55.7 to 136.4 7.28166 1446.937 227.600 n-Nonane 70.3 to 151.8 6.93764 1430.459 201.808 1-Nonene 66.6 to 147.9 6.95777 1437.862 205.814 1351.756 1319.529 n-Octane 52.9 to 126.6 6.91874 209.100 i-Octane 41.7 to 118.5 6.88814 211.625 1-Octene 44.9 to 122.2 6.93637 1355.779 213.022 n-Pentane 13.3 to 36.8 6.84471 1060.793 231.541 i-Pentane 16.3 to 28.6 6.73457 992.019 229.564 1-Pentanol 74.7 to 156.0 7.18246 1287.625 161.330 1-Pentene 12.8 to 30.7 6.84268 1043.206 233.344 Phenol 107.2 to 181.8 7.13301 1516.790 174.954 1-Propanol 2-Propanol Propionic acid Propylene oxide Pyridine Styrene Toluene 60.2 to 104.6 7.74416 1437.686 198.463 52.3 to 89.3 7.74021 1359.517 197.527 72.4 to 128.3 7.71423 1733.418 217.724 -24.2 to 34.8 7.01443 1086.369 228.594 1373.799 1507.434 67.3 to 152.9 7.04115 214.979 29.9 to 144.8 7.06623 214.985 C,Hs CH;Cl3 C,H;Cl3 C,HCl3 C,H,O2 H2O H2O m-C3H10 o-C3H10 p-C3H10 35.3 to 111.5 6.95805 1346.773 219.693 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane -5.4 to 16.9 8.64344 2136.621 302.769 50.0 to 113.7 6.95185 1314.410 209.197 Trichloroethylene Vinyl acetate 17.8 to 86.5 6.51827 1018.603 192.731 21.8 to 72.0 7.21010 1296.130 226.655 0 to 60 60 to 150 235.000 228.000 Water* 8.10765 1750.286 Water* 7.96681 1668.210 1460.183 m-Xylene o-Xylene p-Xylene 59.2 to 140.0 7.00646 214.827 63.5 to 145.4 7.00154 1476.393 213.872 58.3 to 139.3 6.98820 1451.792 215.111
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE B.4 (Continued) Compound Formula Range (°C) A B C Ethylene glycol Ethylene oxide 1,2-Ethylenediamine Formaldehyde Formic acid 50.0 to 200.0 203.454 C,H,O2 C,H,O CH&N2 8.09083 2088.936 0.3 to 31.8 8.69016 2005.779 334.765 26.5 to 117.4 7.16871 1336.235 194.366 НСНО - 109.4 to -22.3 7.19578 970.595 244.124 CH2O2 C;H§O3 n-C,H16 i-C;H16 CH14 n-C,H14 i-C,H14 C,H12 37.4 to 100.7 7.58178 1699.173 260.714 Glycerol п-Неptane i-Heptane 1-Heptene п-Нехаne 183.3 to 260.4 6.16501 1036.056 28.097 25.9 to 99.3 6.90253 1267.828 216.823 18.5 to 90.9 6.87689 1238.122 219.783 21.6 to 94.5 6.91381 1265.120 220.051 13.0 to 69.5 6.88555 1175.817 224.867 i-Нехane 12.8 to 61.1 6.86839 1151.401 228.477 1-Hexene 15.9 to 64.3 6.86880 1154.646 226.046 Hydrogen Cyanide HCN -16.4 to 46.2 7.52823 1329.49 260.418 CH3OH CH3OH C;H6O2 CH3B. CH3CI C,HsO C,H120 C;H3O2 CH;N CH14 Methanol 14.9 to 83.7 8.08097 1582.271 239.726 Methanol* -20 to 140 7.87863 1473.11 230.0 Methyl acetate Methyl bromide Methyl chloride Methyl ethyl ketone Methyl isobutyl ketone Methyl methacrylate Methylamine Methylcyclohexane Naphthalene Nitrobenzene 1.8 to 55.8 7.06524 1157.630 219.726 - 70.0 to 3.6 - 75.0 to 5.0 7.09084 1046.066 244.914 7.09349 948.582 249.336 42.8 to 88.4 7.06356 1261.339 221.969 21.7 to 116.2 6.67272 1168.408 191.944 39.2 to 89.2 8.40919 2050.467 274.369 -83.1 to -6.2 7.33690 1011.532 233.286 25.6 to 101.8 6.82827 1273.673 221.723 80.3 to 179.5 7.03358 1756.328 204.842 C,H5NO2 CH;NO, n-C,H20 C,H18 n-C3H18 i-C3H18 C3H16 n-C;H12 i-C;H12 C;H120 C;H10 C,H,O C;H3O C;H§O C,H,O2 C;H,O C;H;N 134.1 to 210.6 7.11562 1746.586 201.783 Nitromethane 55.7 to 136.4 7.28166 1446.937 227.600 n-Nonane 70.3 to 151.8 6.93764 1430.459 201.808 1-Nonene 66.6 to 147.9 6.95777 1437.862 205.814 1351.756 1319.529 n-Octane 52.9 to 126.6 6.91874 209.100 i-Octane 41.7 to 118.5 6.88814 211.625 1-Octene 44.9 to 122.2 6.93637 1355.779 213.022 n-Pentane 13.3 to 36.8 6.84471 1060.793 231.541 i-Pentane 16.3 to 28.6 6.73457 992.019 229.564 1-Pentanol 74.7 to 156.0 7.18246 1287.625 161.330 1-Pentene 12.8 to 30.7 6.84268 1043.206 233.344 Phenol 107.2 to 181.8 7.13301 1516.790 174.954 1-Propanol 2-Propanol Propionic acid Propylene oxide Pyridine Styrene Toluene 60.2 to 104.6 7.74416 1437.686 198.463 52.3 to 89.3 7.74021 1359.517 197.527 72.4 to 128.3 7.71423 1733.418 217.724 -24.2 to 34.8 7.01443 1086.369 228.594 1373.799 1507.434 67.3 to 152.9 7.04115 214.979 29.9 to 144.8 7.06623 214.985 C,Hs CH;Cl3 C,H;Cl3 C,HCl3 C,H,O2 H2O H2O m-C3H10 o-C3H10 p-C3H10 35.3 to 111.5 6.95805 1346.773 219.693 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 1,1,2-Trichloroethane -5.4 to 16.9 8.64344 2136.621 302.769 50.0 to 113.7 6.95185 1314.410 209.197 Trichloroethylene Vinyl acetate 17.8 to 86.5 6.51827 1018.603 192.731 21.8 to 72.0 7.21010 1296.130 226.655 0 to 60 60 to 150 235.000 228.000 Water* 8.10765 1750.286 Water* 7.96681 1668.210 1460.183 m-Xylene o-Xylene p-Xylene 59.2 to 140.0 7.00646 214.827 63.5 to 145.4 7.00154 1476.393 213.872 58.3 to 139.3 6.98820 1451.792 215.111
TABLE B.4 Antoine Equation Constants“ В log1o p* p* in mm Hg, T in °C = A - T + C Example: The vapor pressure of acetaldehyde at 25°C is determined as follows: 1600.017 log10 Pc,H,0(25°C) = 8.00552 = 2.9551 25 + 291.809 Pe,H,0(25°C) = 1029551 902 mm Hg %3D %3D Compound Formula Range (°C) A В C CH40 CH,O2 C,H,O2 C,H,O3 C;H,O C;H,O2 NH3 C,H,N C,H6 n-C,H10 i-C,H10 Acetaldehyde Acetic acid -0.2 to 34.4 8.00552 1600.017 291.809 29.8 to 126.5 7.38782 1533.313 222.309 Acetic acid* 0 to 36 7.18807 1416.7 225 Acetic anhydride 62.8 to 139.4 7.14948 1444.718 199.817 Acetone -12.9 to 55.3 7.11714 1210.595 229.664 Acrylic acid Ammonia* Aniline 20.0 to 70.0 5.65204 648.629 154.683 -83 to 60 7.55466 1002.711 247.885 102.6 to 185.2 7.32010 1731.515 206.049 Benzene 14.5 to 80.9 6.89272 1203.531 219.888 n-Butane -78.0 to -0.3 6.82485 943.453 239.711 i-Butane -85.1 to -11.6 6.78866 899.617 241.942 1-Butanol 89.2 to 125.7 7.36366 1305.198 173.427 2-Butanol 72.4 to 107.1 1157.000 168.279 C,H100 C,Hs C,H&O2 CS2 CCL4 C,H;CI C,H;CI C,H;CI CHCI; CHCI; C,H12 C,H120 n-C10H22 C10 H20 CH4C2 C,H,C2 CH;Cl2 C,H100 C;H100 C,H10O2 C,H,O CH,N N.N-Dimethylformamide C;H;NO C,H&O2 CH,O C,H;NO C,H;O2 C,H&O2 CHSCI C3H10 7.20131 1-Butene -77.5 to -3.7 6.53101 810.261 228.066 Butyric acid Carbon disulfide Carbon tetrachloride 20.0 to 150.0 8.71019 2433.014 255.189 3.6 to 79.9 6.94279 1169.110 241.593 14.1 to 76.0 6.87926 1212.021 226.409 Chlorobenzene 62.0 to 131.7 6.97808 1431.053 217.550 Chlorobenzene* 0 to 42 7.10690 1500.0 224.0 Chlorobenzene* 42 to 230 6.94504 1413.12 216.0 Chloroform - 10.4 to 60.3 6.95465 1170.966 226.232 Chloroform* -30 to 150 6.90328 1163.03 227.4 Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol n-Decane 19.9 to 81.6 6.84941 1206.001 223.148 93.7 to 160.7 6.25530 912.866 109.126 94.5 to 175.1 6.95707 1503.568 194.738 1-Decene 86.8 to 171.6 6.95433 1497.527 197.056 1,1-Dichloroethane -38.8 to 17.6 6.97702 1174.022 229.060 1,2-Dichloroethane -30.8 to 99.4 7.02530 1271.254 222.927 Dichloromethane 40.0 to 40 7.40916 1325.938 252.616 Diethyl ether Diethyl ketone Diethylene glycol Dimethyl ether Dimethylamine 228.799 214.192 -60.8 to 19.9 6.92032 1064.066 56.5 to 111.3 7.02529 1310.281 130.0 to 243.0 7.63666 1939.359 162.714 -78.2 to -24.9 6.97603 889.264 241.957 -71.8 to 6.9 7.08212 960.242 221.667 30.0 to 90.0 6.92796 1400.869 196.434 1,4-Dioxane 20.0 to 105.0 7.43155 1554.679 240.337 Ethanol 19.6 to 93.4 8.11220 1592.864 226.184 Ethanolamine 65.4 to 170.9 7.45680 1577.670 173.368 Ethyl acetate Ethyl acetate* Ethyl chloride Ethylbenzene 15.6 to 75.8 7.10179 1244.951 217.881 -20 to 150 7.09808 1238.710 217.0 -55.9 to 12.5 6.98647 1030.007 238.612 56.5 to 137.1 6.95650 1423.543 213.091
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE B.4 Antoine Equation Constants“ В log1o p* p* in mm Hg, T in °C = A - T + C Example: The vapor pressure of acetaldehyde at 25°C is determined as follows: 1600.017 log10 Pc,H,0(25°C) = 8.00552 = 2.9551 25 + 291.809 Pe,H,0(25°C) = 1029551 902 mm Hg %3D %3D Compound Formula Range (°C) A В C CH40 CH,O2 C,H,O2 C,H,O3 C;H,O C;H,O2 NH3 C,H,N C,H6 n-C,H10 i-C,H10 Acetaldehyde Acetic acid -0.2 to 34.4 8.00552 1600.017 291.809 29.8 to 126.5 7.38782 1533.313 222.309 Acetic acid* 0 to 36 7.18807 1416.7 225 Acetic anhydride 62.8 to 139.4 7.14948 1444.718 199.817 Acetone -12.9 to 55.3 7.11714 1210.595 229.664 Acrylic acid Ammonia* Aniline 20.0 to 70.0 5.65204 648.629 154.683 -83 to 60 7.55466 1002.711 247.885 102.6 to 185.2 7.32010 1731.515 206.049 Benzene 14.5 to 80.9 6.89272 1203.531 219.888 n-Butane -78.0 to -0.3 6.82485 943.453 239.711 i-Butane -85.1 to -11.6 6.78866 899.617 241.942 1-Butanol 89.2 to 125.7 7.36366 1305.198 173.427 2-Butanol 72.4 to 107.1 1157.000 168.279 C,H100 C,Hs C,H&O2 CS2 CCL4 C,H;CI C,H;CI C,H;CI CHCI; CHCI; C,H12 C,H120 n-C10H22 C10 H20 CH4C2 C,H,C2 CH;Cl2 C,H100 C;H100 C,H10O2 C,H,O CH,N N.N-Dimethylformamide C;H;NO C,H&O2 CH,O C,H;NO C,H;O2 C,H&O2 CHSCI C3H10 7.20131 1-Butene -77.5 to -3.7 6.53101 810.261 228.066 Butyric acid Carbon disulfide Carbon tetrachloride 20.0 to 150.0 8.71019 2433.014 255.189 3.6 to 79.9 6.94279 1169.110 241.593 14.1 to 76.0 6.87926 1212.021 226.409 Chlorobenzene 62.0 to 131.7 6.97808 1431.053 217.550 Chlorobenzene* 0 to 42 7.10690 1500.0 224.0 Chlorobenzene* 42 to 230 6.94504 1413.12 216.0 Chloroform - 10.4 to 60.3 6.95465 1170.966 226.232 Chloroform* -30 to 150 6.90328 1163.03 227.4 Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol n-Decane 19.9 to 81.6 6.84941 1206.001 223.148 93.7 to 160.7 6.25530 912.866 109.126 94.5 to 175.1 6.95707 1503.568 194.738 1-Decene 86.8 to 171.6 6.95433 1497.527 197.056 1,1-Dichloroethane -38.8 to 17.6 6.97702 1174.022 229.060 1,2-Dichloroethane -30.8 to 99.4 7.02530 1271.254 222.927 Dichloromethane 40.0 to 40 7.40916 1325.938 252.616 Diethyl ether Diethyl ketone Diethylene glycol Dimethyl ether Dimethylamine 228.799 214.192 -60.8 to 19.9 6.92032 1064.066 56.5 to 111.3 7.02529 1310.281 130.0 to 243.0 7.63666 1939.359 162.714 -78.2 to -24.9 6.97603 889.264 241.957 -71.8 to 6.9 7.08212 960.242 221.667 30.0 to 90.0 6.92796 1400.869 196.434 1,4-Dioxane 20.0 to 105.0 7.43155 1554.679 240.337 Ethanol 19.6 to 93.4 8.11220 1592.864 226.184 Ethanolamine 65.4 to 170.9 7.45680 1577.670 173.368 Ethyl acetate Ethyl acetate* Ethyl chloride Ethylbenzene 15.6 to 75.8 7.10179 1244.951 217.881 -20 to 150 7.09808 1238.710 217.0 -55.9 to 12.5 6.98647 1030.007 238.612 56.5 to 137.1 6.95650 1423.543 213.091
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