### Gas Chromatography (GC) Analysis of Borneol and Isoborneol#### Overview of the GC GraphThe displayed graph is a Gas Chromatography (GC) output for a mixture containing acetone, isoborneol, and borneol. The x-axis represents the retention time in minutes, while the y-axis represents the detector response, or counts, which correlates to the abundance of a substance eluting from the chromatography column.- **Peak at 0.82 min**: This peak, with the highest intensity, corresponds to acetone.- **Peak at 2.14 min**: This peak corresponds to isoborneol.- **Peak at 2.45 min**: This peak corresponds to borneol.#### Tabulated Data for Components| Component | Peak Area | Boiling Point (°C) ||-----------|-----------|---------------------|| Acetone | 8.06E+04 | 56 || Isoborneol| 4.84E+04 | 210 || Borneol | 1.61E+04 | 213 |#### Analysis Question**Which of the isomers, isoborneol or borneol, has the highest concentration in the mixture, and why?**Choices:1. o Isoborneol; because it comes out first2. o Borneol; because it comes out first3. o Borneol; because it has the largest peak area4. o Isoborneol; because it has the largest peak area#### Answer AnalysisTo determine which isomer has the highest concentration, we examine the peak areas of isoborneol and borneol. The concentration of a compound in the mixture is directly proportional to the peak area in the GC output.- **Isoborneol Peak Area**: 4.84E+04- **Borneol Peak Area**: 1.61E+04Since isoborneol has a larger peak area compared to borneol, it indicates that isoborneol is present in higher concentration within the mixture.Therefore, the correct answer is:**Isoborneol; because it has the largest peak area.** **Question 7 [Redacted]**Borneol and isoborneol were formed in a reaction. Use the following GC chromatogram of the isoborneol and borneol dissolved in acetone to answer the question: **Please note that the question is below the chromatogram.**![Graph Description]The provided graph is a Gas Chromatography (GC) chromatogram of borneol and isoborneol dissolved in acetone. The x-axis represents time in minutes, while the y-axis represents counts (indicative of the amount of substance detected). There are three peaks in the chromatogram:1. The first peak appears at approximately 0.82 minutes.2. The second peak appears at approximately 2.14 minutes.3. The third peak appears at approximately 2.45 minutes.Below the chromatogram, a table lists the components, their corresponding peak areas, and boiling points:| Component | Peak Area | Boiling Point (deg. C) ||-----------|-----------|------------------------|| Acetone | 8.06E+04 | 56 || Isoborneol| 4.84E+04 | 210 || Borneol | 1.61E+04 | 213 |**Question:**Which of the isomers, isoborneol or borneol, has the highest concentration in the mixture and why?**Answer:** Isoborneol has the highest concentration in the mixture. This conclusion is derived from examining the peak areas in the GC chromatogram. The peak area for isoborneol is 4.84E+04, whereas the peak area for borneol is 1.61E+04. Since the peak area is directly proportional to the concentration of the component in the mixture, isoborneol's higher peak area indicates a higher concentration compared to borneol.

A question based on analytical process. 4 choices about the gas chromatogram are given from which…

Counts 18000 15000 14000 12000 10000 8000- 6000- 4000 2000- 0 10 Component Acetone 0.82 GC of Boreal and Isoborneol Isoborneol Time (min) Peak Area 8.06E+04 4.84E+04 1.61E+04 56 Boiling Point (deg. C) 210 2.14 213 2.45 Borneol Which of the isomers, isoborneol or borneol, has the highest concentration in the mixture and why? isoborneol; because it comes out first borneol; because it comes out first borneol; because it has the largest peak area isoborneol; because it has the largest peak area 25

Counts 18000 15000 14000 12000 10000 8000- 6000- 4000 2000- 0 10 Component Acetone 0.82 GC of Boreal and Isoborneol Isoborneol Time (min) Peak Area 8.06E+04 4.84E+04 1.61E+04 56 Boiling Point (deg. C) 210 2.14 213 2.45 Borneol Which of the isomers, isoborneol or borneol, has the highest concentration in the mixture and why? isoborneol; because it comes out first borneol; because it comes out first borneol; because it has the largest peak area isoborneol; because it has the largest peak area 25

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

* 98% Expert Q&A Done In fermentation distillation experiment, why does the boiling point increase, and the % ethanol decrease? how does azeotrope affect distillation? boiling point boiling point 100°C vapour composition liquid composition 78.5°C 78.2°C 0% ethanol 100% water 100% ethanol 0% water % by mass 956% ethanol 1.pr
1. A vial containing an unknown sample is suspected to be one of the following compounds (mp.): urea (~133 °C), 2,4-dimethylacetanilide (~133 °C), phenacetin (~134°C) or 3-chlorobenzamide (~134 °C). A list of melting points taken on a machine when the 50% of the unknown by volume has been mixed with 50% each of the possibilities is shown in the following table: Melting point (°C) of mixture Substance mixed with unknown (50% each) urea 133.5-134.0 2,4-dimethylacetanilide phenacetin 3-chlorobenzamide 108.6-128.1 105.7-120.4 120.3-130.5 Identify the unknown and explain your reasoning, using the notes you have taken in the lab.
Your employer hands you a heterogeneous mixture and asks you to isolate all of thehexane that you can from it. After some analysis, you determine that the mixture contains toluene, hexane,benzoic acid, water, sodium chloride, and sand. Explain how you would isolate pure hexane from thismixture. Remember that you can use techniques such as filtration, extractions, and acid/base chemistrythat we learned earlier in this course in addition to distillation. You may need to look up solubilities and/orboiling points online to solve this problem. You only need to isolate the hexane?
What method of separation would you use to isolate compound B from an ether solution containing a mixture of the two compounds below? OH A B Extract with base, isolate the aqueous layer, neutralize with acid, filter the precipitate and dry Extract with acid, isolate the aqueous layer, neutralize with base, filter the precipitate and dry Extract with base, isolate the organic layer, dry with magnesium sulfate, and evaporate the solvent Extract with acid, isolate the organic layer, dry with magnesium sulfate, and evaporate the solvent Extract with base, isolate the organic layer, neutralize with acid, filter the precipitate and dry Extract with acid, isolate the organic layer, neutralize with base, filter the precipitate and dry
Your compound exhibits the following solubility behavior (S = soluble, P partially soluble, I = insoluble). Whic solvent is the best choice for recrystallization? Solvent water heptane diethyl ether decane dichloromethane b.p (°C) 100 98 35 174 40 hot solvent 1. cold solvent O decane heptane )dichloromethane water diethyl ether
14
5. Each mixture below contains 1 mL solvent 1, 1 mL of solvent 2, and 40 mg of the solid. For each, indicate the species contained in each layer using the sketched test tube. Solvent 1 CH,CH,-O-CH,CH, H₂O Solvent 2 CH,CH,-O-CH,CH, H₂O CH₂Cl₂ CH₂Cl₂ H₂O IM HCI (aq) H₂C-N Solid NaCl CH3 H₂C HQ NH₂ Test tube D
You are given a pure unknown compound with a melting point of 118 – 120°C, which is either mandelic acid (lit. mp = 118 -120°C) or succinic anhydride (lit. mp = 119 – 120°C), along with pure samples of mandelic acid and succinic anhydride. You determine the mp of an approximately 50:50 mixture of the unknown sample and succinic anhydride to be 118-120° C. What is the identity of the unknown sample? a. succinic anhydride b. mandelic acid