could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments. Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michael S. Barr; Michelle W. Bowman; Lael Brainard; Lisa D. Cook; Austan D. Goolsbee; Patrick Harker; Philip N. Jefferson; Neel Kashkari; Lorie K. Logan; and Christopher J. Waller.

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
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Hey, I need help with the following macroeconomics problems. Thank you in advance!

The questions are based on a Feb 1, 2023 statement by the Federal Rerserve (attatched below).

The Two tools mentioned in the problems:

- A steady rise in the federal funds rate's target range.

- Lowering the amount held of agency debt, agency mortgage-backed investments, and Treasury securities.

1. Show in a graph of the federal funds market the effect the tools mentioned above have on this market. 

2. What effect do the two tools used have on the interest rates faced by firms and households?



FEDERAL RESERVE press release
For release at 2:00 p.m. EST
F
FEDERAL DESERVES
February 1, 2023
Recent indicators point to modest growth in spending and production. Job gains have
been robust in recent months, and the unemployment rate has remained low. Inflation has eased
somewhat but remains elevated.
LAS
Russia's war against Ukraine is causing tremendous human and economic hardship and is
contributing to elevated global uncertainty. The Committee is highly attentive to inflation risks.
The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of
2 percent over the longer run. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to raise the
target range for the federal funds rate to 4-1/2 to 4-3/4 percent. The Committee anticipates that
ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate in order to attain a stance of monetary
policy that is sufficiently restrictive to return inflation to 2 percent over time. In determining the
extent of future increases in the target range, the Committee will take into account the
cumulative tightening of monetary policy, the lags with which monetary policy affects economic
activity and inflation, and economic and financial developments. In addition, the Committee will
continue reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-
backed securities, as described in its previously announced plans. The Committee is strongly
committed to returning inflation to its 2 percent objective.
In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to
monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee
would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that
Transcribed Image Text:FEDERAL RESERVE press release For release at 2:00 p.m. EST F FEDERAL DESERVES February 1, 2023 Recent indicators point to modest growth in spending and production. Job gains have been robust in recent months, and the unemployment rate has remained low. Inflation has eased somewhat but remains elevated. LAS Russia's war against Ukraine is causing tremendous human and economic hardship and is contributing to elevated global uncertainty. The Committee is highly attentive to inflation risks. The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 4-1/2 to 4-3/4 percent. The Committee anticipates that ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate in order to attain a stance of monetary policy that is sufficiently restrictive to return inflation to 2 percent over time. In determining the extent of future increases in the target range, the Committee will take into account the cumulative tightening of monetary policy, the lags with which monetary policy affects economic activity and inflation, and economic and financial developments. In addition, the Committee will continue reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage- backed securities, as described in its previously announced plans. The Committee is strongly committed to returning inflation to its 2 percent objective. In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that
-2-
could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take
into account a wide range of information, including readings on labor market conditions,
inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.
Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams,
Vice Chair; Michael S. Barr; Michelle W. Bowman; Lael Brainard; Lisa D. Cook; Austan D.
Goolsbee; Patrick Harker; Philip N. Jefferson; Neel Kashkari; Lorie K. Logan; and Christopher
J. Waller.
Transcribed Image Text:-2- could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments. Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michael S. Barr; Michelle W. Bowman; Lael Brainard; Lisa D. Cook; Austan D. Goolsbee; Patrick Harker; Philip N. Jefferson; Neel Kashkari; Lorie K. Logan; and Christopher J. Waller.
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