Consider the toroid that is shown in Figure 3.5b with outside and inside radiuses of 5 and 4 cm, respectively. Assume that 500 turns are wound around the toroid of ferromagnetic material to produce a total flux of 16.85856x 10-5 Wb in the core. If the magnetic field intensity in the core is 1000 A turns/m, determine the following: (a) The length of the average flux path in the toroid and the cross-sectional area perpen- dicular to the flux (b) The flux density in the core

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Power Measurement

According to Blondel's theorem, the total power is measured with one less number of wattmeters than the number of wires present in the system. So, a single-phase and two-wire system will require one wattmeter and a single-phase and the three-wire system will require two wattmeters, and a three-phase and the three-wire system will also require two wattmeters and a three-phase and the four-wire system will require three wattmeter devices. The wattmeter is a device that measures power using one voltage and one current input as shown in the above figure. Multiple current or voltage input pair cables are used by many power analyzers and digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs) for measuring watts, in effect within a single instrument acting as multiple wattmeters. It is possible to measure three-phase and four-wire power with one correctly specified power analyzer.