Consider the regression model Y₁ = BX; +u; Where u; and X; satisfy the assumptions specified here. Let ẞ denote an estimator of ẞ that is constructed as ß = Show that ẞ is a linear function of Y₁, Y2,..., Yn. where Y and X are the sample means of Y; and X;, respectively. Show that ẞ is conditionally unbiased. 1. E (Y;|X1, X2,..., Xn) = 1 -B (X ₁ + X 2 + ... + Xn) Х answer these part correctly + ... + Y) +X₂+ ... + Xn) = B 2. E (B|×₁, ×2,..., Xn) = E | (X1, X2,..., Xn) BX; ☑ BX BY
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- 10. Residual analysis Consider a regression of y on several independent variables, and the resulting predicted values of the dependent variable. The residual for the ith observation Consider a data set for a large sample of professional basketball players. Each observation contains the salary, as well as various performance statistics such as points, rebounds, and assists for each player. Suppose a regression of salary on all performance statistics is run, and the residuals are obtained. The player with the lowest (most negative) resid represents which of the following? (Assume the regression reasonably predicts salaries in most cases.) The most fairly paid player relative to her on-court performance The most overpaid player relative to her on-court performance The highest-paid player, regardless of her on-court performance The most underpaid player relative to her on-court performancedoes the simple regression of log (price) on log (nox) produce an upward or a downward biased estimator of β1?Consider a linear causal model Ya+BX+yW+u, with cov(X, W) > 0. Suppose we do not observe the variable W and have to omit it from the regression, then O OLS is expected to be larger than 3 in large samples. BOLS is expected to be equal to 3 in large samples. OLS is expected to be smaller than 3 in large samples. Since we do not know whether X and u are correlated and the sign of y, there is not enough information to compare OLS and B.
- Suppose that a researcher, using wage per hour data on 250 randomly selected male workers and 280 female workers, estimates the following OLS regression wage - 12.68+2.79xMale (0.18) (0.84) R = 0.06, s-3.10 where Male is a dummy variable that takes the value 1 if the worker is male and 0 if female: s represents the standard error of the regression and in brackets homoskedastic std errors are reported. The researcher wants to find the gender pay gap as percentage bf the wagé per hour of women. According to this information the gender pay gap on average against women is approximately -22% -25% -38% O-16%Past class data has shown that the regression line relating the final exam score and the midterm exam score for students who take statistics from the College of Information Technology and Engineering from Dr. Kalaw is: final exam = 50 + 0.5 × midterm One interpretation of the slope is a. students only receive half as much credit (.5) for a correct answer on the final exam compared to a correct answer on the midterm exam. b. a student who scored 0 on the midterm would be predicted to score 50 on the final exam. c. a student who scored 10 points higher than another student on the midterm would be predicted to score 5 points higher than the other student on the final exam. d. a student who scored 0 on the final exam would be predicted to score 50 on the midterm exam.Consider the following regression model where Suppose and are highly (but not perfectly) correlated. Then, a. b. C. d. e. OLS estimators are biased. OLS estimators are not consistent. OLS estimators will have large standard errors. One of,, or the constant should be dropped. cannot be interpreted as the population intercept.
- Suppose that you had data on the amount of pollution in London every year. Write down the regression equation that you would need to estimate to measure the effect of ULEZ on pollution. Describe carefully what the dependent variable, the independent variable, the unit of observation (time or location), and the main coefficient of interest are. What control variables do you think should be included in this regression?If the sample coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.75, this means that a. 75 percent of the variation in the independent variable is explained by the regression. b. 25 percent of the variation in the independent variable is explained by the regression. c. 25 percent of the variation in the dependent variable is explained by the regression. d. 75 percent of the variation in the dependent variable is explained by the regression.1
- Econometrics Thomas Eisensee and David Stromberg wanted to measure how much news coverage of a foreign disaster impacted the amount of disaster relief provided by the U.S. government. They argue that the simple relationship would be biased. Let X = Minutes of News Coverage and Y= Disaster Aid. Choose a variable X2 that could bias the simple relationship. This variable should impact the amount of coverage and impact the amount of aid for reasons other than purely news coverage. Eisensee and Stromberg introduce an instrument Z = During the Olympics. Explain how Z could satisfy the relevant and exogenous criteria. Explain how you could use Z to estimate the impact of X on Y free from X2 bias. Hint: you should mention two stages.In the December, 1969, American Economic Review (pp. 886-896), Nathanial Leff reports thefollowing least squares regression results for a cross section study of the effect of age composition onsavings in 74 countries in 1964:log S/Y = 7.3439 + 0.1596 log Y/N + 0.0254 log G - 1.3520 log D1 - 0.3990 log D2 (R2= 0.57)log S/N = 8.7851 + 1.1486 log Y/N + 0.0265 log G - 1.3438 log D1 - 0.3966 log D2 (R2= 0.96)where S/Y = domestic savings ratio, S/N = per capita savings, Y/N = per capita income, D1 = percentage ofthe population under 15, D2 = percentage of the population over 64, and G = growth rate of per capitaincome. Are these results correct? Explain..The data for this question is given in the file 1.Q1.xlsx(see image) and it refers to data for some cities X1 = total overall reported crime rate per 1 million residents X3 = annual police funding in $/resident X7 = % of people 25 years+ with at least 4 years of college (a) Estimate a regression with X1 as the dependent variable and X3 and X7 as the independent variables. (b) Will additional education help to reduce total overall crime (lead to a statistically significant reduction in crime)? Please explain. (c) Will an increase in funding for the police departments help reduce total overall crime (lead to a statistically significant reduction in total overall crime)? Please explain. (d) If you were asked to recommend a policy to reduce crime, then, based only on the above regression results, would you choose to invest in education (local schools) or in additional funding for the police? Please explain.