### Function Definitions in Haskell and ML**Consider the following three function definitions in Haskell:**```haskellfirst x y = xident x = xomega x = omega x```- `first x y = x`: This function takes two arguments `x` and `y`, and returns `x`.- `ident x = x`: This function takes a single argument `x` and returns `x`.- `omega x = omega x`: This function is recursive and will cause an infinite loop when called, as it is defined in terms of itself with the same argument.**The same functions can also be defined in ML, although with a slightly different syntax:**```mlfun Ident x = x;```- `fun Ident x = x;`: This is equivalent to `ident x = x` in Haskell, taking a single argument `x` and returning `x`.**Comparison of Evaluations in Haskell and ML**Consider the evaluation of the following expression in Haskell and ML:```haskellfirst (ident 3) (omega 1)``````ml{First (Ident 3) (Omega 1). in ML}```- In Haskell: - `ident 3` evaluates to `3` since `ident x = x`. - `omega 1` does not terminate as it initiates an infinite loop (`omega 1 = omega 1`). - `first` takes two arguments but will return the first one without evaluating the second, so `first (ident 3) (omega 1)` will effectively return `3` without getting stuck in the infinite loop caused by `omega 1`.- In ML: - `Ident 3` evaluates to `3`, analogous to Haskell's `ident 3`. - However, `Omega` would initiate an infinite loop in ML just as in Haskell with the `omega` function. - In ML, depending on the language's evaluation strategy, the overall result may differ from Haskell. In strict evaluation (which most ML variants follow), `Omega 1` would be evaluated before being passed into `First`, causing an infinite loop and preventing a result.By comparing these evaluations, one can observe the differences in how Haskell and ML approach function evaluation, particularly in the handling of non-terminating functions and short-circuiting behavior.

Haskell: Haskell is purely functional programming language, which means that it relies on the…

Consider the following three function definitions in Haskell: first x y = x ident x = x omega x = omega x We could also define these in ML, although with a slightly different syntax: fun Ident x = x; etc. How would the evaluations of the following expression in Haskell and ML compare= first (ident 3) (omega 1) (First (Ident 3) (Omega 1). in ML}

Consider the following three function definitions in Haskell: first x y = x ident x = x omega x = omega x We could also define these in ML, although with a slightly different syntax: fun Ident x = x; etc. How would the evaluations of the following expression in Haskell and ML compare= first (ident 3) (omega 1) (First (Ident 3) (Omega 1). in ML}

C++ for Engineers and Scientists

4th Edition

ISBN:9781133187844

Author:Bronson, Gary J.

Publisher:Bronson, Gary J.

Chapter6: Modularity Using Functions

Section6.1: Function And Parameter Declarations

Problem 11E

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Concept explainers

Class

Object Oriented Programming System (OOPs) is a programming model built on the perception of “objects” that contains data and methods. The major purpose of Object Oriented Programming is to increase the maintainability and flexibility of programs. Object Oriented Programming gets together data and its behavior (methods) in a single location (object) which makes it easier to understand.

Question

### Function Definitions in Haskell and ML

**Consider the following three function definitions in Haskell:**

```haskell
first x y = x
ident x = x
omega x = omega x
```

- `first x y = x`: This function takes two arguments `x` and `y`, and returns `x`.
- `ident x = x`: This function takes a single argument `x` and returns `x`.
- `omega x = omega x`: This function is recursive and will cause an infinite loop when called, as it is defined in terms of itself with the same argument.

**The same functions can also be defined in ML, although with a slightly different syntax:**

```ml
fun Ident x = x;
```
- `fun Ident x = x;`: This is equivalent to `ident x = x` in Haskell, taking a single argument `x` and returning `x`.

**Comparison of Evaluations in Haskell and ML**

Consider the evaluation of the following expression in Haskell and ML:

```haskell
first (ident 3) (omega 1)
```
```ml
{First (Ident 3) (Omega 1). in ML}
```

- In Haskell:
- `ident 3` evaluates to `3` since `ident x = x`.
- `omega 1` does not terminate as it initiates an infinite loop (`omega 1 = omega 1`).
- `first` takes two arguments but will return the first one without evaluating the second, so `first (ident 3) (omega 1)` will effectively return `3` without getting stuck in the infinite loop caused by `omega 1`.

- In ML:
- `Ident 3` evaluates to `3`, analogous to Haskell's `ident 3`.
- However, `Omega` would initiate an infinite loop in ML just as in Haskell with the `omega` function.
- In ML, depending on the language's evaluation strategy, the overall result may differ from Haskell. In strict evaluation (which most ML variants follow), `Omega 1` would be evaluated before being passed into `First`, causing an infinite loop and preventing a result.

By comparing these evaluations, one can observe the differences in how Haskell and ML approach function evaluation, particularly in the handling of non-terminating functions and short-circuiting behavior.

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