Consider sending a file of F bits over a path of Q links. Each link transmits at R bits per second (bps). The network is lightly loaded so that there are no queueing delays. When a form of packet switching is used, the F bits are broken up into packets, each packet with L bits, of which h bits of it are header. Propagation delay is negligible. Let F = 5x104, Q = 20, R = 1 Mbps, L = 1000, and h = 10.  b) Suppose the network is a packet-switched datagram network and a connectionless service is used. How long does it take to send the file?

Q: A sender with window size (W=3) is connected to a go back N receiver by a link with bandwidth =106…

A: In this scenario, the sender has a window size of 3, which means it can send up to three packets at…

Q: A sender with window size (W=3) is connected to a selective repeat  receiver by a link with…

A: Solution:   Given, the window size (W) of the sender is 3, the bandwidth of the link is 106…

Q: Phases of TCP congestion control. Consider the figure below, which plots the evolution of TCP's…

A: Three duplicate Acknowledgement : Three duplicate ACK indicate  Mild congestion condition in this…

Q: Suppose that we attempt to run the sliding window algorithm with SWS = RWS = 3 and with MaxSeqNum =…

A: The solution required for the given problem statement is as follows: In the question as written, the…

Q: Consider a half-duplex point-to-point link using a stop-and-wait scheme, in which a series of…

A: Half duplex data transmission means that data can be transmitted in both directions on a signal…

Q: Consider a simple application-level protocol built on top of UDP that allows a client to retrieve a…

A: This is very simple. Let's see the function of the Stop and Wait Protocol: In Stop and Wait, Only…

Q: Consider the figure below in which a TCP sender and receiver communicate over a connection in which…

A: This quеstion еxplorеs thе intricaciеs of TCP data transmission in a scеnario with sеgmеnt loss.…

Q: liseconds. Assume an ACK is small enough that you can ignore its transmission delay. You may also…

A: For a pipelined reliable data transfer protocol with a window size of 6, the sender can send up to 6…

Q: A communication line capable of transmitting at a rate of 50 Kbits/sec will be used to accommodate…

A: A. The arrival rate is lambda = 150/60 = 2.5 packets/sec for each session. 10 lines with a 5 Kbps…

Q: Consider a simple protocol for transferring files over a link. After some initial negotiation, A…

A: Protocol:- This is the set of official rules or standard set of a system governed by the supreme…

Q: Equation 1.1 gives a formula for the end-to-end delay of sending one packet of length L over N links…

A: A packet is a discrete chunk of data transferred via a network, like the Internet or a local area…

Types Of Protocols

A network protocol is a collection of rules that governs the exchange of data between devices connected to the same network. In other words, network protocols are rules that specify how devices communicate or transfer data over a network. The sender and receiver systems must obey the standards to facilitate communication between them.