Consider a simple protocol for transferring files over a link. Aftersome initial negotiation, A sends data packets of size 1 KB to B; Bthen replies with an acknowledgment. A always waits for eachACK before sending the next data packet; this is known asstop-and-wait. Packets that are overdue are presumed lost andare retransmitted.(a) In the absence of any packet losses or duplications, explainwhy it is not necessary to include any "sequence number"data in the packet headers.(b) Suppose that the link can lose occasional packets, but thatpackets that do arrive always arrive in the order sent. Is a2-bit sequence number (that is, N mod 4) enough for A and Bto detect and resend any lost packets? Is a 1-bit sequencenumber enough?(c) Now suppose that the link can deliver out of order and thatsometimes a packet can be delivered as much as 1 minuteafter subsequent packets. How does this change thesequence number requirements?

Protocol:- This is the set of official rules or standard set of a system governed by the supreme…

Consider a simple protocol for transferring files over a link. After some initial negotiation, A sends data packets of size 1 KB to B; B then replies with an acknowledgment. A always waits for each ACK before sending the next data packet; this is known as stop-and-wait. Packets that are overdue are presumed lost and are retransmitted.

Consider a simple protocol for transferring files over a link. After some initial negotiation, A sends data packets of size 1 KB to B; B then replies with an acknowledgment. A always waits for each ACK before sending the next data packet; this is known as stop-and-wait. Packets that are overdue are presumed lost and are retransmitted.

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Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

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Concept explainers

Types Of Protocols

A network protocol is a collection of rules that governs the exchange of data between devices connected to the same network. In other words, network protocols are rules that specify how devices communicate or transfer data over a network. The sender and receiver systems must obey the standards to facilitate communication between them.

Question

Consider a simple protocol for transferring files over a link. After
some initial negotiation, A sends data packets of size 1 KB to B; B
then replies with an acknowledgment. A always waits for each
ACK before sending the next data packet; this is known as
stop-and-wait. Packets that are overdue are presumed lost and
are retransmitted.
(a) In the absence of any packet losses or duplications, explain
why it is not necessary to include any "sequence number"
data in the packet headers.
(b) Suppose that the link can lose occasional packets, but that
packets that do arrive always arrive in the order sent. Is a
2-bit sequence number (that is, N mod 4) enough for A and B
to detect and resend any lost packets? Is a 1-bit sequence
number enough?
(c) Now suppose that the link can deliver out of order and that
sometimes a packet can be delivered as much as 1 minute
after subsequent packets. How does this change the
sequence number requirements?

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