Concrete is required for walls of a building that will be Severe Exposed to freezing and thawing. The cross section of a wall is 300 x 1500 mm. The smallest spacing between reinforcing steel is 50 mm. The Required Average Compressive Strength of concrete at 28 days is 40 MPa and a slump of 55 mm. Portland cement type I is used with specific gravity of 3.12, maximum size of aggregate 27 mm and fineness modulus of fine aggregate is 2.4, absorption capacity and moisture content of fine aggregate are of 0.92%, and 1.95% respectively. The dry-rodded unit weight of coarse aggregate is 1820 kg/m³, absorption capacity and moisture content of coarse aggregate are of 0.75%, and 1.85% respectively. Both aggregates have a bulk specific gravity (SSD) of (2.45). The aggregates conform to the ASTM C33-84 requirements for grading. Estimate the quantity of (cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water) for 1m³ concrete.

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Crack Detection

Concrete materials are meant for supporting structures, building foundations and they act as several load-bearing structures. Over time, due to environmental conditions, and based on the constituent materials used, concrete materials are subjected to a great degree of distress. Corrosion of the reinforcement bars due to chemical influences, uneven base, earthquake, drying shrinkages, and alkali-aggregate reactions are some of the reasons for concrete distress.