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Complete the valence molecular-orbital diagram for oxygen, O,. IT* 2p 2p Answer Bank 11 1 * 2.s 2s 2s

Complete the valence molecular-orbital diagram for oxygen, O,. IT* 2p 2p Answer Bank 11 1 * 2.s 2s 2s

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Chapter9: Bonding And Molecular Structure: Orbital Hybridization And Molecular Orbitals
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 66SCQ: Lets look more closely at the process of hybridization. (a) What is the relationship between the...
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**Valence Molecular-Orbital Diagram for Oxygen (\(O_2\))** The diagram above represents the molecular orbital configuration for an oxygen molecule. It illustrates the electron alignment in different molecular orbitals formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals. ### Diagram Explanation: 1. **Atomic Orbitals (AO) Levels:** - The energy levels of the atomic orbitals (2s and 2p) for each oxygen atom are shown on the left and right with solid lines. 2. **Molecular Orbitals (MO):** - **Sigma Orbitals (\(\sigma\)):** These are bonding (\(\sigma_{2s}\), \(\sigma_{2p}\)) and anti-bonding (\(\sigma^*_{2s}\), \(\sigma^*_{2p}\)) orbitals where the electron density lies along the internuclear axis. - **Pi Orbitals (\(\pi\)):** These orbitals (\(\pi_{2p}\), \(\pi^*_{2p}\)) have electron density above and below the plane of the nuclei involved. 3. **Orbital Levels:** - The \(\sigma_{2s}\) and \(\sigma^*_{2s}\) indicate bonding and anti-bonding interactions from the 2s orbitals. - The \(\sigma_{2p}\) and \(\sigma^*_{2p}\) indicate sigma bonding and anti-bonding interactions from the 2p orbitals. - The \(\pi_{2p}\) and \(\pi^*_{2p}\) orbitals represent the pi bonding and anti-bonding interactions from the 2p orbitals. 4. **Electron Configuration:** - There are boxes in each orbital level representing spaces for electron pairing. The given "Answer Bank" provides symbols: - Up arrow (\(\uparrow\)): Represents a single electron with an upward spin. - Up and down arrows (\(\uparrow\downarrow\)): Represents a pair of electrons with opposite spins. ### Notes: - Fill electrons in the molecular orbitals starting from the lowest energy level moving towards the higher energy levels, following Hund's Rule and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. - These diagrams help explain the magnetic properties and stability of the molecule. For oxygen, unpaired electrons indicate paramagnetic properties. This diagram is crucial for understanding molecular bonding, electron configuration, and
Transcribed Image Text:**Valence Molecular-Orbital Diagram for Oxygen (\(O_2\))** The diagram above represents the molecular orbital configuration for an oxygen molecule. It illustrates the electron alignment in different molecular orbitals formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals. ### Diagram Explanation: 1. **Atomic Orbitals (AO) Levels:** - The energy levels of the atomic orbitals (2s and 2p) for each oxygen atom are shown on the left and right with solid lines. 2. **Molecular Orbitals (MO):** - **Sigma Orbitals (\(\sigma\)):** These are bonding (\(\sigma_{2s}\), \(\sigma_{2p}\)) and anti-bonding (\(\sigma^*_{2s}\), \(\sigma^*_{2p}\)) orbitals where the electron density lies along the internuclear axis. - **Pi Orbitals (\(\pi\)):** These orbitals (\(\pi_{2p}\), \(\pi^*_{2p}\)) have electron density above and below the plane of the nuclei involved. 3. **Orbital Levels:** - The \(\sigma_{2s}\) and \(\sigma^*_{2s}\) indicate bonding and anti-bonding interactions from the 2s orbitals. - The \(\sigma_{2p}\) and \(\sigma^*_{2p}\) indicate sigma bonding and anti-bonding interactions from the 2p orbitals. - The \(\pi_{2p}\) and \(\pi^*_{2p}\) orbitals represent the pi bonding and anti-bonding interactions from the 2p orbitals. 4. **Electron Configuration:** - There are boxes in each orbital level representing spaces for electron pairing. The given "Answer Bank" provides symbols: - Up arrow (\(\uparrow\)): Represents a single electron with an upward spin. - Up and down arrows (\(\uparrow\downarrow\)): Represents a pair of electrons with opposite spins. ### Notes: - Fill electrons in the molecular orbitals starting from the lowest energy level moving towards the higher energy levels, following Hund's Rule and the Pauli Exclusion Principle. - These diagrams help explain the magnetic properties and stability of the molecule. For oxygen, unpaired electrons indicate paramagnetic properties. This diagram is crucial for understanding molecular bonding, electron configuration, and
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