Complete the table Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Rigid Free-flowing Diffuses Freely Strong bonds Weak bonds No bonds Ionization Has definite volume and shape Has definite volume and no definite shape Has no definite shape and volume Has no definite shape and volume High density Moderate density Low density Less than the density of gas Has the least intermolecular space Moderate intermolecular space Free-flowing intermolecular space High intermolecular force of attraction Moderate intermolecular force of attraction Weak intermolecular force of attraction Incompressible Difficult to compress Highly compressible Atoms to have a small vibration, but they remain fixed in their positions. Atoms to vibrate, move about, and slide pass each other Atoms vibrate and move freely at high speeds Low kinetic energy Moderate kinetic energy kinetic energy High kinetic Energy Extremely high kinetic energy
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
Complete the table
|
Solid |
Liquid |
Gas |
Plasma |
|
Rigid |
Free-flowing |
Diffuses Freely |
|
|
Strong bonds |
Weak bonds |
No bonds |
Ionization |
|
Has definite volume and shape |
Has definite volume and no definite shape |
Has no definite shape and volume |
Has no definite shape and volume |
|
High density |
Moderate density |
Low density |
Less than the density of gas |
|
Has the least intermolecular space |
Moderate intermolecular space |
Free-flowing intermolecular space |
|
|
High intermolecular force of attraction |
Moderate intermolecular force of attraction |
Weak intermolecular force of attraction |
|
|
Incompressible |
Difficult to compress |
Highly compressible |
|
|
Atoms to have a small vibration, but they remain fixed in their positions. |
Atoms to vibrate, move about, and slide pass each other |
Atoms vibrate and move freely at high speeds |
|
|
Low kinetic energy |
Moderate kinetic energy kinetic energy
|
High kinetic Energy |
Extremely high kinetic energy |
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